{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:09:00Z","timestamp":1781863740114,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2018ZX10302-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10302-102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To analyse the characteristics and determinants of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in HIV-infected children and adolescents on long-term ART in China.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An observational cohort study was conducted in five centres. All participants younger than 15\u2009years at ART initiation were screened, and those identified as having virological failure (VF) with viral load (VL)\u200a\u2265\u200a400\u2009copies\/mL were included for genotypic resistance testing. Logistic regression analysis was performed and the accumulation of major mutations was analysed in a subgroup of resistant individuals with complete VL results since HIV diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 562 eligible participants, protease and RT regions were successfully amplified for 93 who failed treatment with a median of 10.0\u2009years ART. Sixty-eight (73.1%) harboured \u22651 major mutations. NRTI, NNRTI and dual-class resistance accounted for 48.4%, 63.4% and 38.7%, respectively. Only 3.2% were resistant to PIs. Age at ART initiation [adjusted OR (aOR)\u200a=\u200a0.813, 95% CI 0.690\u20130.957], subtype B (aOR\u200a=\u200a4.378, 95% CI 1.414\u201313.560) and an initial NNRTI-based regimen (aOR\u200a=\u200a3.331, 95% CI 1.180\u20139.402) were independently associated with DRMs. Among 40 resistant participants with additional VL data, 55.0% had continued VF on a suboptimal regimen and the estimated duration of VF was positively correlated with the total number of major mutations (r\u200a=\u200a0.504, P\u200a=\u200a0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The development of DRMs was common in children and adolescents receiving long-term treatment, and continued VF was prevalent in those with resistance. Timely genotypic testing and new child-friendly formulations are therefore urgently required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T12:41:10Z","timestamp":1635856870000},"page":"727-734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Drug resistance profiles and influencing factors among HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving long-term ART: a multicentre observational study in China"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1030-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liting","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangming","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuewu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shangcai Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Shangcai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Care Center, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People\u2019s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6386-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022022313000048300_dkab430-B1","author":"UNAIDS. 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