{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:59:03Z","timestamp":1787741943901,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suppression of SOS response and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through detoxification system suppression enhance the activity of fluoroquinolones.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the role of both systems in the evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin in an isogenic model of Escherichia coli.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-gene deletion mutants of E. coli BW25113 (wild-type) (\u0394recA, \u0394katG, \u0394katE, \u0394sodA, \u0394sodB), double-gene (\u0394recA-\u0394katG, \u0394recA-\u0394katE, \u0394recA-\u0394sodA, \u0394recA-\u0394sodB, \u0394katG-\u0394katE, \u0394sodB-\u0394sodA) and triple-gene (\u0394recA-\u0394katG-\u0394katE) mutants were included. The response to sudden high ciprofloxacin pressure was evaluated by mutant prevention concentration (MPC). The gradual antimicrobial pressure response was evaluated through experimental evolution and antibiotic resistance assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For E. coli BW25113 strain, \u0394katE, \u0394sodB and \u0394sodB\/\u0394sodA mutants, MPC values were 0.25 mg\/L. The \u0394katG, \u0394sodA, \u0394katG\/katE and \u0394recA mutants showed 2-fold reductions (0.125 mg\/L). The \u0394katG\/\u0394recA, \u0394katE\/\u0394recA, \u0394sodA\/\u0394recA, \u0394sodB\/\u0394recA and \u0394katG\/\u0394katE\/\u0394recA strains showed 4\u20138-fold reductions (0.03\u20130.06 mg\/L) relative to the wild-type. Gradual antimicrobial pressure increased growth capacity for \u0394sodA and \u0394sodB and \u0394sodB\/\u0394sodA mutants (no growth in 4 mg\/L) compared with the wild-type (no growth in the range of 0.5\u20132 mg\/L). Accordingly, increased growth was observed with the mutants \u0394recA\/\u0394katG (no growth in 2 mg\/L), \u0394recA\/\u0394katE (no growth in 2 mg\/L), \u0394recA\/\u0394sodA (no growth in 0.06 mg\/L), \u0394recA\/\u0394sodB (no growth in 0.25 mg\/L) and \u0394recA\/\u0394katG\/\u0394katE (no growth in 0.5 mg\/L) compared with \u0394recA (no growth in the range of 0.002\u20130.015 mg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After RecA inactivation, gradual exposure to ciprofloxacin reduces the evolution of resistance. After suppression of RecA and detoxification systems, sudden high exposure to ciprofloxacin reduces the evolution of resistance in E. coli.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T07:09:13Z","timestamp":1637046553000},"page":"641-645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of RecA inactivation and detoxification systems on the evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Diaz-Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiolog\u00eda y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Red Espa\u00f1ola de Investigaci\u00f3n en Patolog\u00eda 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