{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:10:00Z","timestamp":1789665000745,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009947","name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck & Co., Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Lockwood Group"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the ASPECT-NP trial, ceftolozane\/tazobactam was non-inferior to meropenem for treating nosocomial pneumonia; efficacy outcomes by causative pathogen were to be evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mechanically ventilated participants with hospital-acquired\/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia were randomized to 3 g ceftolozane\/tazobactam (2 g ceftolozane\/1 g tazobactam) q8h or 1 g meropenem q8h. Lower respiratory tract (LRT) cultures were obtained \u226436 h before first dose; pathogen identification and susceptibility were confirmed at a central laboratory. Prospective secondary per-pathogen endpoints included 28 day all-cause mortality (ACM), and clinical and microbiological response at test of cure (7\u201314 days after the end of therapy) in the microbiological ITT (mITT) population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mITT population comprised 511 participants (264 ceftolozane\/tazobactam, 247 meropenem). Baseline LRT pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae (34.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.0%) and Escherichia coli (18.2%). Among baseline Enterobacterales isolates, 171\/456 (37.5%) were ESBL positive. For Gram-negative baseline LRT pathogens, susceptibility rates were 87.0% for ceftolozane\/tazobactam and 93.3% for meropenem. For Gram-negative pathogens, 28 day ACM [52\/259 (20.1%) and 62\/240 (25.8%)], clinical cure rates [157\/259 (60.6%) and 137\/240 (57.1%)] and microbiological eradication rates [189\/259 (73.0%) and 163\/240 (67.9%)] were comparable with ceftolozane\/tazobactam and meropenem, respectively. Per-pathogen microbiological eradication for Enterobacterales [145\/195 (74.4%) and 129\/185 (69.7%); 95% CI: \u22124.37 to 13.58], ESBL-producing Enterobacterales [56\/84 (66.7%) and 52\/73 (71.2%); 95% CI: \u221218.56 to 9.93] and P. aeruginosa [47\/63 (74.6%) and 41\/65 (63.1%); 95% CI: \u22124.51 to 19.38], respectively, were also comparable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In mechanically ventilated participants with nosocomial pneumonia owing to Gram-negative pathogens, ceftolozane\/tazobactam was comparable with meropenem for per-pathogen 28 day ACM and clinical and microbiological response.<\/jats:p>\n                  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