{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T03:02:14Z","timestamp":1785466934899,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is surprisingly little comparative published data on the bactericidal action of different sub-classes of \u03b2-lactams against aerobic Gram-negative rods, and the assumption is that all behave in the same way.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe a systematic investigation of a representative penicillin, cephalosporin, monobactam and carbapenem against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Concentration-time-kill curves (TKC) were determined for three strains each of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. All strains were susceptible to the agents used. The antibiotics were piperacillin\/tazobactam, ceftazidime, aztreonam and meropenem. The initial inoculum was 106\u2005cfu\/mL and TKC were determined over 48\u2005h. The area-under-the-bacterial-kill curve to 24\u2005h (AUBKC 24 log cfu\u00b7h\/mL) and 48\u2005h (AUBKC 48) were used to measure antibacterial effect (ABE). Population profiles before and after antibiotic exposure were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Against E. coli and K. pneumoniae meropenem had a maximal ABE at \u2265MIC \u00d7 1 concentrations while piperacillin\/tazobactam and ceftazidime had maximal effect at \u2265MIC \u00d7 4 and aztreonam at \u2265MIC \u00d7 8 concentrations. Ceftazidime, aztreonam and meropenem had less ABE against K. pneumoniae than E. coli. Against P. aeruginosa, meropenem was most bactericidal, with a maximum ABE at 8\u00d7\/16 \u00d7 MIC. Other \u03b2-lactams had notably less ABE. In contrast, against A. baumannii, ceftazidime and meropenem had the greatest ABE, with a maximal effect at \u2265MIC \u00d7 4, concentration changes in population profiles were least apparent with E. coli.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u03b2-Lactam sub-classes (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems) have different antibacterial effects against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Extrapolation of in vitro pharmacodynamic findings from one species to another or one sub-class of \u03b2-lactam to another is not justified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T20:12:20Z","timestamp":1643400740000},"page":"1306-1312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative bactericidal activity of representative \u03b2-lactams against Enterobacterales, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Alan R","family":"Noel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Severn Infection Sciences, Pathology Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Attwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Severn Infection Sciences, Pathology Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E","family":"Bowker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Severn Infection Sciences, Pathology Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alasdair P","family":"MacGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Severn Infection Sciences, Pathology Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Albur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Severn Infection Sciences, Pathology Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042812401048500_dkac026-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.369-377.2004","article-title":"Issues in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-infective agents: kill curves versus MIC","volume":"48","author":"Mueller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2022042812401048500_dkac026-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.8.1711","article-title":"In vitro pharmacodynamics of piperacillin, piperacillin\/tazobactam and ciprofloxacin 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patients","volume":"22","author":"Veiga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2022042812401048500_dkac026-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1086\/344653","article-title":"Prevention of resistance: a goal for dose selection for antimicrobial agents","volume":"36","author":"Drusano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial 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