{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:53:52Z","timestamp":1793638432875,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f University Scientific Research Projects Commission","award":["QUAP[T]-2015-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUAP[T]-2015-5"]}]},{"name":"Ener Private Health Service Company"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Aspergillus fumigatus causes several diseases in humans and azole resistance in A. fumigatus strains is an important issue. The aim of this multicentre epidemiological study was to investigate the prevalence of azole resistance in clinical and environmental A. fumigatus isolates in Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-one centres participated in this study from 1 May 2018 to 1 October 2019. One participant from each centre was asked to collect environmental and clinical A. fumigatus isolates. Azole resistance was screened for using EUCAST agar screening methodology (EUCAST E.DEF 10.1) and was confirmed by the EUCAST E.DEF 9.3 reference microdilution method. Isolates with a phenotypic resistance pattern were sequenced for the cyp51A gene and microsatellite genotyping was used to determine the genetic relationships between the resistant strains.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, resistance was found in 1.3% of the strains that were isolated from environmental samples and 3.3% of the strains that were isolated from clinical samples. Mutations in the cyp51A gene were detected in 9 (47.4%) of the 19 azole-resistant isolates, all of which were found to be TR34\/L98H mutations. Microsatellite genotyping clearly differentiated the strains with the TR34\/L98H mutation in the cyp51A gene from the strains with no mutation in this gene.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rate of observed azole resistance of A. fumigatus isolates was low in this study, but the fact that more than half of the examined strains had the wild-type cyp51A gene supports the idea that other mechanisms of resistance are gradually increasing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:13:13Z","timestamp":1649934793000},"page":"1894-1898","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Frequency of azole resistance in clinical and environmental strains of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i> in Turkey: a multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Beyza","family":"Ener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Bursa , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131","family":"Ergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Denizli , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolunay","family":"G\u00fclmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Ankara , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harun","family":"A\u011fca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Bursa , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melek","family":"Tikve\u015fli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Edirne , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se\u00e7il Ak","family":"Aksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f University, \u0130neg\u00f6l Vocational School , Bursa , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00fc\u015ferref","family":"Otkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , \u00c7anakkale , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Korhan","family":"Si\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Ankara , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilara","family":"\u00d6\u011f\u00fcn\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Antalya , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betil","family":"\u00d6zhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Antalya , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuncay","family":"Topa\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u015eanl\u0131urfa Training and Research Hospital , Urfa , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , \u00c7anakkale , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek Ye\u015fim","family":"Metin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , \u0130zmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00fcleyha Hilmio\u011flu","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , \u0130zmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"\u00d6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Eski\u015fehir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nedret","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Kayseri , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Altay","family":"Atalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Kayseri , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zayre","family":"Erturan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , \u0130stanbul , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asuman","family":"Birinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Samsun , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilg\u00fcn","family":"\u00c7erik\u00e7io\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , \u0130stanbul , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demet","family":"Timur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Bursa , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahriye","family":"Ek\u015fi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Gaziantep , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonca Erk\u00f6se","family":"Gen\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , \u0130stanbul , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Findik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sel\u00e7uk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Konya , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eaban","family":"G\u00fcrcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Edirne , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Kalkanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Ankara , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9807-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevtap","family":"Arikan-Akdagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , Ankara , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.015","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis: current strategies for diagnosis and management","volume":"30","author":"Cadena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline","volume":"24","author":"Ullmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky517","article-title":"Emerging threat of triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"74","author":"Rybak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/jof2030021","article-title":"Triazole resistance in Aspergillus spp.: a worldwide problem?","volume":"2","author":"Rivero-Menendez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00231-09","article-title":"Possible environmental origin of resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to medical triazoles","volume":"75","author":"Snelders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.09.008","article-title":"How to: EUCAST recommendations on the screening procedure E.Def 10.1 for the detection of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates using four-well azole-containing agar plates","volume":"25","author":"Guinea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B7","article-title":"Method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents for conidia forming moulds. EUCAST DEFINITIVE DOCUMENT E.DEF 9.3. 2015","author":"Arendrup"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq279","article-title":"Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: 2008 and 2009","volume":"65","author":"Bueid","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.04.012","article-title":"First determination of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus strains carrying the TR34\/L98H mutations in Turkey","volume":"21","author":"\u00d6zmerdiven","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B10","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","author":"Hall","year":"1999"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4112-4120.2005","article-title":"Use of a novel panel of nine short tandem repeats for exact and high-resolution fingerprinting of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates","volume":"43","author":"de Valk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2017.97","article-title":"Triazole phenotypes and genotypic characterization of clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in China","volume":"6","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.140717","article-title":"Prospective multicenter international surveillance of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"21","author":"van der Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.69024","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from clinical and environmental specimens","volume":"54","author":"Do\u011fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000005","article-title":"Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: a growing public health concern","volume":"26","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00548-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00548-19","article-title":"Elevated prevalence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in urban versus rural environments in the United Kingdom","volume":"63","author":"Sewell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150460","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0460","article-title":"Clinical implications of globally emerging azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"371","author":"Meis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2501.171925","article-title":"Trends in azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus, the Netherlands, 1994\u20132016","volume":"25","author":"Buil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070118384526200_dkac125-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.05.005","article-title":"Recreation of in-host acquired single nucleotide polymorphisms by CRISPR-Cas9 reveals an uncharacterised gene playing a role in Aspergillus fumigatus azole resistance via a non-cyp51A mediated resistance mechanism","volume":"130","author":"Ballard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/77\/7\/1894\/44373772\/dkac125.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/77\/7\/1894\/44373772\/dkac125.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T18:40:59Z","timestamp":1656700859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/77\/7\/1894\/6571734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkac125","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}}}