{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:47:11Z","timestamp":1785206831278,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"The University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Australian National Health"},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["APP1142757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1142757"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council Fellowship","award":["APP1048652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1048652"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in critically ill paediatric patients and provide dosing recommendations. We also sought to evaluate the use of capillary microsampling to facilitate data-rich blood sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were recruited into a pharmacokinetic study, with cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime concentrations from plasma samples collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4 and 6\u2005h used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model using Pmetrics. Monte Carlo dosing simulations were tested using a range of estimated glomerular filtration rates (60, 100, 170 and 200\u2005mL\/min\/1.73\u2005m2) and body weights (4, 10, 15, 20 and 40\u2005kg) to achieve pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) targets, including 100% \u0192T&amp;gt;MIC with an MIC breakpoint of 1\u2005mg\/L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-six patients (0.2\u201312\u2005years) provided 160 conventional samples for inclusion in the model. The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were best described using one-compartmental model with first-order elimination. The clearance and volume of distribution for cefotaxime were 12.8\u2005L\/h and 39.4\u2005L, respectively. The clearance for desacetylcefotaxime was 10.5\u2005L\/h. Standard dosing of 50\u2005mg\/kg q6h was only able to achieve the PK\/PD target of 100% \u0192T&amp;gt;MIC in patients &amp;gt;10\u2005kg and with impaired renal function or patients of 40\u2005kg with normal renal function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dosing recommendations support the use of extended or continuous infusion to achieve cefotaxime exposure suitable for bacterial killing in critically ill paediatric patients, including those with severe or deep-seated infection. An external validation of capillary microsampling demonstrated skin-prick sampling can facilitate data-rich pharmacokinetic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T06:10:12Z","timestamp":1654755012000},"page":"2227-2237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optimal dosing of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime for critically ill paediatric patients. Can we use microsampling?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-7237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yarmarly C","family":"Guerra Valero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tavey","family":"Dorofaeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia"},{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care, Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G","family":"Coulthard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care, Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , Australia"},{"name":"Mayne Academy of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , 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Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6218-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane & Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Royal Brisbane & Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6124-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne L","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , 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