{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:37:06Z","timestamp":1791423426372,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82150610507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82150610507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82072320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81871695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81571538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ceftriaxone therapy for gonorrhoea has become under increasing pressure due to waning susceptibility levels and emergence of high-level resistant strains such as the FC428 clone. Moenomycin was recently identified to display potent anti-gonococcal activity against some reference strains. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate moenomycin in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Moenomycin in vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated against 575 clinical isolates, including strains associated with the FC428 clone, using the agar dilution method. Moenomycin in vivo activity was investigated in a mouse vaginal tract gonococcal infection model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The moenomycin MIC range for the strain collection was 0.004\u20130.06\u2005mg\/L, with a MIC50 of 0.016\u2005mg\/L and a MIC90 of 0.03\u2005mg\/L. The correlation between moenomycin and ceftriaxone susceptibility levels was poor (R\u200a=\u200a0.13), while the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) resulted in indifference for all tested strains. Therefore, development of cross-resistance between moenomycin and ceftriaxone is unlikely for N. gonorrhoeae. Determination of the moenomycin mode of activity against N. gonorrhoeae by time\u2013kill assays showed that moenomycin is bactericidal, with over 104-fold inactivation observed after 4\u2005h exposure. Finally, an intramuscular moenomycin dose of 10\u2005mg\/kg given on 2 consecutive days was able to clear a gonococcal infection in a mouse vaginal tract infection model within 1\u20133\u2005days after the second dose, which was significantly faster than for mice treated with the vehicle control (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Moenomycin displays potent in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity against N. gonorrhoeae, warranting further exploration as alternative therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T10:51:13Z","timestamp":1656413473000},"page":"2461-2469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Moenomycin is broadly active against multidrug-resistant <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> and clears an infection from a murine vaginal tract infection model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, and Department of Dermatology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, and Department of Dermatology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, and Department of Dermatology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu\u2019ai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, and Department of Dermatology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8176-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stijn","family":"van der Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, and Department of Dermatology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082518384713200_dkac202-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2022082518384713200_dkac202-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19023","article-title":"World Health Organization Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (WHO GASP): review of new data and evidence to inform international collaborative actions and research efforts","volume":"16","author":"Unemo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex 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