{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:33:48Z","timestamp":1771641228630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amplyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., F2G Ltd and Pfizer Pharma GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi causing invasive fungal diseases in patients with haematological malignancies and in peritoneal dialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To analyse clinical presentation, predisposing factors, treatment and outcome of Trichoderma infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic literature review was conducted for published cases of invasive Trichoderma infection in PubMed until December 2021 and by reviewing the included studies\u2019 references. Cases from the FungiScope\u00ae registry were added to a combined analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 50 invasive infections due to Trichoderma species, including 11 in the FungiScope\u00ae registry. The main underlying conditions were haematological malignancies in 19 and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 10 cases. The most prevalent infection sites were lung (42%) and peritoneum (22%). Systemic antifungal therapy was administered in 42 cases (84%), mostly amphotericin B (n\u200a=\u200a27, lipid-based formulation 13\/27) and voriconazole in 15 cases (30%). Surgical interventions were performed in 13 cases (26%). Overall mortality was 48% (n\u200a=\u200a24) and highest for allogeneic HSCT and solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients [80% (4\/5) and 77% (7\/9), respectively]. In patients treated with amphotericin B, voriconazole and caspofungin, mortality was 55% (15\/27), 46% (7\/15) and 28% (2\/7), respectively. Three out of four patients treated with a combination therapy of voriconazole and caspofungin survived.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite treatment with antifungal therapies and surgery, invasive Trichoderma infections are life-threatening complications in immunocompromised patients, especially after HSCT and SOT. In addition, Trichoderma spp. mainly affect the lungs in patients with haematological malignancies and the peritoneum in CAPD patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T06:49:33Z","timestamp":1659682173000},"page":"2850-2858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Invasive <i>Trichoderma<\/i> spp. infections: clinical presentation and outcome of cases from the literature and the FungiScope\u00ae registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2761-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ertan","family":"Sal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne , Cologne , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannik","family":"Stemler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne , Cologne , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6766-8297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Salmanton-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne , Cologne , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5888-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iker","family":"Falces-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, University Hospital La Paz , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Kredics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stabsstelle Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionspr\u00e4vention, M\u00fcnchen Klinik , M\u00fcnchen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"W\u00fcrstl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stabsstelle Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionspr\u00e4vention, M\u00fcnchen Klinik , M\u00fcnchen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM-EC), Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3511-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zdenek","family":"Racil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion , Prague , Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6095-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolay","family":"Klimko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, North Western State Medical University , St Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Cesaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Haematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona , Verona , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anupma Jyoti","family":"Kindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur , Chennai , 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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver A","family":"Cornely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS K\u00f6ln) , Cologne , 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