{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T18:19:58Z","timestamp":1775845198308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique","award":["J.0162.19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J.0162.19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Levofloxacin and rifampicin are the preferred treatment for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially when managed with implant retention (DAIR). However, a significant variability of success has been reported, which could be related to intrinsic characteristics of the microorganism. Our aim was to evaluate the variability in the anti-biofilm response to levofloxacin and rifampicin in a clinical collection of S. aureus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eleven levofloxacin- and rifampicin-susceptible S. aureus isolates causing PJI managed with DAIR were included. Levofloxacin, rifampicin and levofloxacin\u200a+\u200arifampicin were tested in an in vitro static biofilm model in microtitre plates, where 48\u2005h biofilms were challenged with antimicrobials during 24\u2005h. Additionally, two genetically similar strains were tested in the CDC Biofilm Reactor, where 48\u2005h biofilms were treated during 56\u2005h. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by viable biofilm-embedded cells recount, and by crystal violet staining.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All antimicrobial regimens showed significant anti-biofilm activity, but a notable scattering in the response was observed across all strains (inter-strain coefficient of variation for levofloxacin, rifampicin and levofloxacin\u200a+\u200arifampicin of 22.8%, 35.8% and 34.5%, respectively). This variability was tempered with the combination regimen when tested in the biofilm reactor. No correlation was observed between the minimal biofilm eradicative concentration and the antimicrobial activity. Recurrent S. aureus isolates exhibited higher biofilm-forming ability compared with strains from resolved infections (7.6\u2005log10\u2005cfu\/cm2\u00b10.50 versus 9.0\u2005log10\u2005cfu\u00b10.07).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Significant variability may be expected in response to levofloxacin and rifampicin among biofilm-embedded S. aureus. A response in the lower range, together with other factors of bad prognosis, could be responsible of treatment failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T09:46:44Z","timestamp":1663667204000},"page":"3265-3269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Strain-to-strain variability among <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> causing prosthetic joint infection drives heterogeneity in response to levofloxacin and rifampicin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-3162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Carmona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica \u2018i+12\u2019 Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5945-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"Manche\u00f1o-Losa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica \u2018i+12\u2019 Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Ruiz-Sorribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacologie cellulaire et mol\u00e9culaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-5250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica \u2018i+12\u2019 Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Viedma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica \u2018i+12\u2019 Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica \u2018i+12\u2019 Hospital 12 de Octubre , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0052-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Van Bambeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacologie cellulaire et 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