{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T17:20:54Z","timestamp":1788801654402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technology Plan Project for \u201cChangsha Anti-Infective Drugs Engineering Technology Research Center\u201d","award":["kq1801120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kq1801120"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002767","name":"Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016SK4008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016SK4008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002767","name":"Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020SK52901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SK52901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sitafloxacin is one of the newer generation fluoroquinolones with highly active against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Our objectives were to identify the sitafloxacin pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) index and breakpoints against MDR isolate in the urinary tract infection model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty-eight MDR isolates underwent sitafloxacin and levofloxacin microdilution susceptibility testing. A 24\u2005h in vitro model was established that simulated the healthy subjects urodynamics of sitafloxacin fumarate injection. Ten MDR isolates (four carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, three carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa and three vancomycin-resistant E. faecium) were selected. The drug efficacy was quantified by the change in log colony counts within 24\u2005h. A sigmoid Emax model was fitted to the killing effect data. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess target attainment for the sitafloxacin fumarate doses of 100 and 200\u2005mg q24h.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Analysis indicated that the MICs of sitafloxacin were all significantly lower than that of levofloxacin (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.01). The UAUC0\u201324h\/MIC targets required to achieve stasis, 1-log10 killing and 2-log10 killing were 63.60, 79.49 and 99.45 (carbapenem-resistant E. coli), 60.85, 90.31 and 128.95 (carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa), 65.91, 77.81 and 103.11 (vancomycin-resistant E. faecium). Monte Carlo simulation showed the infusion of sitafloxacin fumarate 100\u2005mg q24h was able to achieve 90% probability of target attainment against bacteria with MIC of 8\u2005mg\/L for the common complicated urinary tract infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sitafloxacin fumarate injection is an alternative therapeutic agent for the treatment of UTIs caused by MDR isolates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T05:33:30Z","timestamp":1667540010000},"page":"141-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sitafloxacin pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics against multidrug-resistant bacteria in a dynamic urinary tract infection <i>in vitro<\/i> model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Siwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Hospital of Changsha , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Application of Antibiotics , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Hospital of Changsha , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Application of Antibiotics , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Hospital of Changsha , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Hospital of Changsha , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Application of Antibiotics , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minji","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, First Hospital, Peking University , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Hospital of Changsha , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Hospital of Changsha , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Hospital of Changsha , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Application of Antibiotics , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Yoko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010801141333900_dkac365-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0106-x","article-title":"Nonantibiotic prevention and management of recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"15","author":"Sihra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"2023010801141333900_dkac365-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.09.003","article-title":"Urinary tract infection: pathogenesis and outlook","volume":"22","author":"McLellan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2023010801141333900_dkac365-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.01.031","article-title":"Financial burden of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a time-driven activity-based cost analysis","volume":"128","author":"Gaitonde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2023010801141333900_dkac365-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0012-2012","article-title":"Gram-positive uropathogens, polymicrobial urinary tract infection, and the emerging Microbiota of the urinary tract","volume":"4","author":"Kline","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2023010801141333900_dkac365-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1159\/000049840","article-title":"EAU guidelines for the management of urinary and male genital tract infections. 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