{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:02:23Z","timestamp":1791414143903,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense","award":["CB10640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB10640"]}]},{"name":"Joint Program Manager for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical","award":["201141748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201141748"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of delafloxacin against Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MICs were obtained according to CLSI guidelines for 30 virulent isolates and 14 attenuated antibiotic-resistant strains. For the in vivo efficacy study, mice were administered delafloxacin (30\u201362.5 mg\/kg) subcutaneously, or ciprofloxacin (30 mg\/kg) intraperitoneally beginning at either 24 or 48\u200a\u00b1\u200a1 h post-challenge (post-exposure prophylaxis) and continued every 12 h for 14 days with study termination on day 30. The mean inhaled dose in the study was approximately 103 \u00d7 LD50 equivalents, and the range was 87\u2013120 \u00d7 LD50.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delafloxacin (MIC90\u200a=\u200a0.004 mg\/L) was 16-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin (MIC90\u200a=\u200a0.06 mg\/L) against a 30-strain set of virulent B. anthracis. Against a panel of attenuated antibiotic-resistant strains, delafloxacin demonstrated potency \u2265128-fold over that observed with ciprofloxacin. When evaluated in vivo, mice treated with all delafloxacin doses tested at 24 h post-challenge demonstrated equivalent survival compared with mice treated with the positive control ciprofloxacin. Because of the high challenge dose of spores, mice treated at 48 h showed rapid and high mortality in all groups including the positive control. Surviving animals in all delafloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-treated groups (24 and 48 h) showed complete splenic clearance of infection and &amp;lt;2.2\u200a\u00d7\u200a103 cfu\/g lung tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the high bar set by the 100\u200a\u00d7\u200aLD50 challenge dose in this study, the results from delafloxacin treatment are promising for the treatment of inhaled anthrax.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T12:09:47Z","timestamp":1675512587000},"page":"810-816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of delafloxacin against the biothreat pathogen<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melinta Therapeutics , 44 Whippany Rd, Morristown, NJ , 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