{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:51Z","timestamp":1787009031688,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian Research Council","award":["309850\/2020-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309850\/2020-7"]}]},{"name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme Avenir","award":["DS-2016-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS-2016-0005"]}]},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro State Science Foundation","award":["260003\/001581\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["260003\/001581\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized HIV treatment, increasing quality and life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the expansion of treatment has resulted in an increase in antiretroviral-resistant viruses, which can be an obstacle to maintenance of successful ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analysed the genetic composition of the HIV near full-length genome (NFLG) from archived proviruses of PLWH under successful ART, and determined the presence\/frequency of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and viral subtype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-six PLWH from Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and 40 from Rio Grande (RS) had proviral HIV NFLG PCR-amplified and ultradeep sequenced. The presence\/frequency of DRMs were analysed in Geneious. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using PhyML and SimPlot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All samples included in the study were sequenced and 69 (80.2%) had the HIV NFLG determined. RJ and RS showed a predominance of HIV subtypes B (78.3%) and C (67.5%), respectively. Overall, 168 DRMs were found in 63 (73.3%) samples, and 105 (62.5%) of them were minority variants. Among DRMs, 41 (39.0%) minority variants and 33 (52.4%) variants with frequency above 20.0% in the viral population were able to confer some degree of resistance to at least one drug in use by respective patients, yet no one showed signs of therapeutic failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study contributes to the understanding of the impact of DRMs on successful therapy and supports the sustainability of combinatorial ART, because all patients maintained their successful treatment despite the high prevalence of DRMs at low (62.5%) or high (37.5%) frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T04:14:26Z","timestamp":1679458466000},"page":"1444-1453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance profiles in the peripheral blood reservoir of successfully treated persons using massive sequencing and viral full genome characterization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Ornella M","family":"Botelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Gen\u00e9tica e Virologia Tumoral, Instituto Nacional do C\u00e2ncer , Rua Andr\u00e9 Cavalcanti, 37 - 4\u00b0 andar, 20.231-050, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana P","family":"Basso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Dr. Miguel Riet Corr\u00eaa Jr., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa D","family":"Da Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Dr. Miguel Riet Corr\u00eaa Jr., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanusa P","family":"Da Hora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne M","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Infectologia, Hospital Federal de Ipanema , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunna M","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Gen\u00e9tica e Virologia Tumoral, Instituto Nacional do C\u00e2ncer , Rua Andr\u00e9 Cavalcanti, 37 - 4\u00b0 andar, 20.231-050, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo A","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Gen\u00e9tica e Virologia Tumoral, Instituto Nacional do C\u00e2ncer , Rua Andr\u00e9 Cavalcanti, 37 - 4\u00b0 andar, 20.231-050, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060100345448600_dkad104-B1","author":"UNAIDS"},{"key":"2023060100345448600_dkad104-B2","volume-title":"Prevailing against pandemics by putting people at the centre","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023060100345448600_dkad104-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371102","article-title":"Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy","volume":"337","author":"Gulick","year":"1997","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023060100345448600_dkad104-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371101","article-title":"A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. 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