{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:37:57Z","timestamp":1767915477764,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Univ."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"INSERM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020913","name":"Service de Sant\u00e9 des Arm\u00e9es","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of MDR strains is a public health problem in the management of associated infections. Several resistance mechanisms are present, and antibiotic efflux is often found at the same time as enzyme resistance and\/or target mutations. However, in the laboratory routinely, only the latter two are identified and the prevalence of antibiotic expulsion is underestimated, causing a misinterpretation of the bacterial resistance phenotype. The development of a diagnostic system to quantify the efflux routinely would thus improve the management of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A quantitative technique based on detection of clinically used fluoroquinolones was investigated in Enterobacteriaceae clinical strains with a high or basal efflux activity. The detail of efflux involvement was studied from MIC determination and antibiotic accumulation inside bacteria. WGS was carried out on selected strains to determine the genetic background associated with efflux expression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Only 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate exhibited a lack of efflux whereas 13 isolates had a basal efflux and 8 presented efflux pump overexpression. The antibiotic accumulation evidenced the efficacy of the efflux mechanism in strains, and the contribution of dynamic expulsion versus target mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We confirmed that phenylalanine arginine \u03b2-naphthylamide is not a reliable marker of efflux due to the affinity of the AcrB efflux pump for different substrates. We have developed an accumulation test that can be used efficiently on clinical isolates collected by the biological laboratory. The experimental conditions and protocols ensure a robust assay that with improvements in practice, expertise and equipment could be transferred to the hospital laboratory to diagnose the contribution of efflux in Gram-negative bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T20:39:06Z","timestamp":1682627946000},"page":"1532-1542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Contribution of efflux and mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility in MDR enterobacterial isolates: a quantitative and molecular study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Ferrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Vergalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Bosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier d\u2019Aubagne , Aubagne , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alix","family":"Pantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virulence Bact\u00e9rienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygi\u00e8ne Hospitali\u00e8re, CHU N\u00eemes , 30900 N\u00eemes , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Davin-Regli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060100353710600_dkad122-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-021-00184-y","article-title":"Threats of antibiotic resistance: an obliged reappraisal","volume":"24","author":"Baquero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Microbiol"},{"key":"2023060100353710600_dkad122-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202051034","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and persistence\u2014implications for human health and treatment perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Huemer","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO 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