{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T03:23:59Z","timestamp":1762658639961,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"ANRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016003","name":"MIE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"France REcherche Nord&Sud Sida-hiv H\u00e9patites"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare, which","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypermutated viruses induced by APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3) proteins comprise some of the defective viruses in the HIV reservoir. Here, we assessed the proportion of APOBEC3-induced defective proviruses in HIV-positive patients before and after receiving dolutegravir\u200a+\u200alamivudine dual therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PBMCs of virologically suppressed patients enrolled in the ANRS 167 LAMIDOL trial, evaluating a switch from triple therapy to dolutegravir\u200a+\u200alamivudine, were collected 8\u2005weeks before (W-8) and 48\u2005weeks after (W48) dual-therapy initiation. The Vif and RT regions were subject to next-generation sequencing. Bioinformatic algorithms were developed to identify APOBEC3-defective sequences and APOBEC3-related drug resistance mutations (APOMuts). All hypermutated sequences and those containing at least one stop codon were considered as defective.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred and four patients were enrolled (median virological suppression duration: 4.2\u2005years; IQR: 2.0\u20139.1). Proviral defective reads at W-8 and W48 were detected in Vif in 22% and 29% of patients, respectively, and in RT in 38% and 42% of patients, respectively. At least one APOMut was present in proviruses of 27% and 38% of patients at W-8 and W48, respectively. The ratio of APOMuts\/number of potential APOMut sites was significantly higher at W48 (16.5%) than at W-8 (9.8%, P\u200a=\u200a0.007). The presence of APOBEC3-defective viruses at W-8 was not associated with HIV total DNA level, nor with the third drug class received prior to switching to dolutegravir\u200a+\u200alamivudine, nor with the duration of virological suppression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whereas no significant change in the proportion of patients with APOBEC3-defective proviruses was evidenced after 1\u2005year of dolutegravir\u200a+\u200alamivudine maintenance, enrichment in APOMuts was observed. Further longer-term studies are needed to assess the other forms of defective viruses with dual-therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T17:05:20Z","timestamp":1699290320000},"page":"2995-3002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proportion of APOBEC3-induced defective HIV DNA after 1\u2005year of dolutegravir\u200a+\u200alamivudine simplification in the ANRS 167 LAMIDOL trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Fella","family":"Mazouz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Bertine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital 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Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2914-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jade","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Charpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Virologie, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the LAMIDOL Study 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