{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:05:23Z","timestamp":1788174323215,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019428","name":"Nabriva Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lefamulin (Xenleta\u2122), a pleuromutilin antibiotic, was approved for the oral and IV treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in adults in 2019\/2020. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of lefamulin and comparators against 19 584 unique bacterial isolates collected from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections and hospitalized patients with pneumonia within the global SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program during 2015\u201321.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Isolates were susceptibility tested by the CLSI broth microdilution method, and resistance mechanisms were investigated in isolates with elevated lefamulin MICs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lefamulin exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the most common and typical CABP pathogens tested, including Streptococcus pneumoniae [MIC50\/90, 0.06\/0.25 mg\/L; 99.9% susceptible (S)], Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50\/90, 0.06\/0.12 mg\/L; 99.6% S), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC50\/90, 0.5\/2 mg\/L; 99.1% S) and Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC50\/90, 0.06\/0.12 mg\/L; 100.0% S). Potent activity was also observed against the less common pneumonia pathogens: \u03b2-haemolytic (MIC50\/90 of 0.03\/0.06 mg\/L) and viridans group Streptococcus spp. (MIC50\/90 of 0.06\/0.25 mg\/L) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (MIC50\/90 of 1\/4 mg\/L). Lefamulin\u2019s activity was not adversely affected by resistance to macrolides, penicillin, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and other resistance phenotypes. Non-susceptibility\/resistance to lefamulin was rare and primarily determined by ribosomal protection through vga(A) variants in S. aureus, overexpression of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in H. influenzae or modifications in L3, L4 and 23SrRNA in Streptococcus spp.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on the coverage of the most important CABP pathogens and lacking cross-resistance, lefamulin may represent a valuable empirical treatment option for ambulatory and hospitalized patients with CABP, particularly in settings with high prevalence of resistance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T22:39:47Z","timestamp":1703025587000},"page":"360-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["7-Year (2015\u201321) longitudinal surveillance of lefamulin <i>in vitro<\/i> activity against bacterial pathogens collected worldwide from patients with respiratory tract infections including pneumonia and characterization of resistance mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5594-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Paukner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nabriva Therapeutics GmbH , Leberstrasse 20, A-1110 Vienna , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8648-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo E","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, 345 Beaver Kreek Center, Suite A, North Liberty , IA 52317 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5961-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S J Ryan","family":"Arends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, 345 Beaver Kreek Center, Suite A, North Liberty , IA 52317 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Gassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nabriva Therapeutics GmbH , Leberstrasse 20, A-1110 Vienna , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P","family":"Gelone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nabriva Therapeutics US Inc. , 414 Commerce Drive, Suite 120, Fort Washington, PA 19034 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helio S","family":"Sader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JMI Laboratories, 345 Beaver Kreek Center, Suite A, North Liberty , IA 52317 , 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