{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:50:54Z","timestamp":1792698654314,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Extended hospitalization for infection management increases inpatient care costs and the risk of healthcare-associated adverse events, including infections. The growing global demand for healthcare, the diminishing availability of hospital beds and an increasing patient preference for care within their own home have been the primary drivers of the expansion of hospital-in-the-home programmes. Such programmes include the use of IV antimicrobials in outpatient settings, known as outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). However, OPAT practices vary globally. This review article aims to describe the current OPAT practices and challenges worldwide. OPAT practice begins with patient evaluation and selection using eligibility criteria, which requires collaboration between the interdisciplinary OPAT team, patients and caregivers. Depending on care requirements, eligible patients may be enrolled to various models of care, receiving medication by healthcare professionals at outpatient infusion centres, hospital clinics, home visits or through self-administration. OPAT can be used for the management of many infections where an effective oral treatment option is lacking. Various classes of parenteral antimicrobials, including \u03b2-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones and antifungals such as echinocandins, are used globally in OPAT practice. Despite its benefits, OPAT has numerous challenges, including complications from medication administration devices, antimicrobial side effects, monitoring requirements, antimicrobial instability, patient non-adherence, patient OPAT rejection, and challenges related to OPAT team structure and administration, all of which impact its outcome. A negative outcome could include unplanned hospital readmission. Future research should focus on mitigating these challenges to enable optimization of the OPAT service and thereby maximize the documented benefits for the healthcare system, patients and healthcare providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T02:32:23Z","timestamp":1715999543000},"page":"2083-2102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Current practices and challenges of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Zenaw T","family":"Wolie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4029 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6218-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4029 , Australia"},{"name":"Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane, QLD 4029 , Australia"},{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, N\u00eemes University Hospital, University of Montpellier , 30029 N\u00eemes , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\/Infection, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6173-9659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brisbane Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4061-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fekade B","family":"Sime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4029 , 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