{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:47:50Z","timestamp":1793879270787,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"CIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["159503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["159503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011593","name":"ICES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025092","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025090","name":"Ministry of Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The risk factors and outcomes associated with persistent bacteraemia in Gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) are not well described. We conducted a follow-on analysis of a retrospective population-wide cohort to characterize persistent bacteraemia in patients with GN-BSI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included all hospitalized patients &amp;gt;18 years old with GN-BSI between April 2017 and December 2021 in Ontario who received follow-up blood culture (FUBC) 2\u20135 days after the index positive blood culture. Persistent bacteraemia was defined as having a positive FUBC with the same Gram-negative organism as the index blood culture. We identified variables independently associated with persistent bacteraemia in a multivariable logistic regression model. We evaluated whether persistent bacteraemia was associated with increased odds of 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, 8807 patients were included; 600 (6.8%) had persistent bacteraemia. Having a permanent catheter, antimicrobial resistance, nosocomial infection, ICU admission, respiratory or skin and soft tissue source of infection, and infection by a non-fermenter or non-Enterobacterales\/anaerobic organism were associated with increased odds of having persistent bacteraemia. The 30-day mortality was 17.2% versus 9.6% in those with and without persistent bacteraemia (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.29\u20132.11), while 90-day mortality was 25.5% versus 16.9%, respectively (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.24\u20131.89). Prevalence and odds of developing persistent bacteraemia varied widely depending on causative organism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Persistent bacteraemia is uncommon in GN-BSI but is associated with poorer outcomes. A validated risk stratification tool may be useful to identify patients with persistent bacteraemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T11:53:15Z","timestamp":1720007595000},"page":"2053-2061","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epidemiology and clinical relevance of persistent bacteraemia in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infection: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8570-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean W X","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Sunnybrook Health Sciences 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