{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:57:35Z","timestamp":1790740655439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee"},{"name":"Foundation for Medical Research at \u00d6rebro University Hospital, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"},{"name":"UCL-Birkbeck Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Programme, UK","award":["MR\/W006774\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W006774\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI164794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI164794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The novel dual-target triazaacenaphthylene, gepotidacin, recently showed promising results in its Phase III randomized controlled trial for the treatment of gonorrhoea. We investigated alterations in the gepotidacin GyrA and ParC targets in gonococci by in silico mining of publicly available global genomes (n\u200a=\u200a33\u200a213) and determined gepotidacin MICs in isolates with GyrA A92 alterations combined with other GyrA and\/or ParC alterations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined gonococcal gyrA and parC alleles available at the European Nucleotide Archive. MICs were determined using the agar dilution method (gepotidacin) or Etest (four antimicrobials). Models of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV were obtained from AlphaFold and used to model gepotidacin in the binding site.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GyrA A92 alterations were identified in 0.24% of genomes: GyrA A92P\/S\/V\u200a+\u200aS91F\u200a+\u200aD95Y\/A\/N (0.208%), A92P\u200a+\u200aS91F (0.024%) and A92P (0.003%), but no A92T (previously associated with gepotidacin resistance) was found. ParC D86 alterations were found in 10.6% of genomes: ParC D86N\/G (10.5%), D86N\u200a+\u200aS87I (0.051%), D86N\u200a+\u200aS88P (0.012%) and D86G\u200a+\u200aE91G (0.003%). One isolate had GyrA A92P\u200a+\u200aParC D86N alterations, but remained susceptible to gepotidacin (MIC\u200a=\u200a0.125 mg\/L). No GyrA plus ParC alterations resulted in a gepotidacin MIC\u200a&amp;gt;\u200a4 mg\/L. Modelling of gepotidacin binding to GyrA A92\/A92T\/A92P suggested that gepotidacin resistance due to GyrA A92T might be linked to the formation of a new polar contact with DNA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In silico mining of 33\u200a213 global gonococcal genomes (isolates from 1928 to 2023) showed that A92 is highly conserved in GyrA, while alterations in D86 of ParC are common. No GyrA plus ParC alterations caused gepotidacin resistance. MIC determination and genomic surveillance of potential antimicrobial resistance determinants are imperative.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:39:45Z","timestamp":1721003985000},"page":"2221-2226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<i>In silico<\/i> gepotidacin target mining among 33\u200a213 global <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> genomes from 1928 to 2023 combined with gepotidacin MIC testing of 22 gonococcal isolates with different GyrA and ParC substitutions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Population Health, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Golparian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , \u00d6rebro , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , \u00d6rebro , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama , AL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pham Thi","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanoi Medical University, National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology , Hanoi , Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Shimuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Sonnenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Population Health, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Population Health, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama , AL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Population Health, University College London , London , UK"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University , \u00d6rebro , 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