{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:25:48Z","timestamp":1792794348092,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital Seed Plan","award":["YYZZ202107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYZZ202107"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/053qy4437","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, real-world data on the optimal empirical second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori are still limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the real-world efficacy of various second-line therapies for H. pylori.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of all H. pylori-infected patients who had received the second-line treatment after the failure of primary clarithromycin triple therapy in Hong Kong between 2003 and 2018. The retreatment success rates of different second-line therapies were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 7591 patients who received second-line treatment were included. Notably, the most commonly prescribed regimen was still clarithromycin triple therapy, but the frequency of use had decreased from 59.5% in 2003\u201306 to 28.7% in 2015\u201318. Concomitant non-bismuth quadruple therapy had emerged as the commonest regimen (from 3.3% to 43.9%). In a validation analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of retreatment-inferred second-line treatment failure were 88.3% and 97.1%, respectively. The overall success rate of second-line therapies was 73.6%. Bismuth quadruple therapy had the highest success rate of 85.6%, while clarithromycin triple therapy had the lowest success rate of 63.5%. Specifically, bismuth\/metronidazole\/tetracycline quadruple, metronidazole\/tetracycline triple, levofloxacin\/metronidazole\/tetracycline quadruple, rifabutin\/amoxicillin triple and amoxicillin\/levofloxacin triple therapies had relatively higher success rates over 80%. Age, treatment duration, baseline conditions and first-line treatment used were associated with success rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bismuth quadruple therapy was the most effective second-line regimen for H. pylori in this real-world study. Despite a very low success rate, clarithromycin-containing triple therapies were still commonly used as second-line regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T17:42:33Z","timestamp":1718732553000},"page":"2263-2272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Real-world efficacy of second-line therapies for\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    : a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0657-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Guo","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100050 , China"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan 250012, Shandong , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100050 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100050 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shutian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory for Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100050 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai K","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , 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