{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:50Z","timestamp":1787009030363,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the challenging forms of TB to treat, not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Further, there is a void in the treatment strategy exclusively for children due to various reasons, including paucity of pharmacokinetic (PK) data on anti-TB drugs across the globe. In this context, the present study aimed at assessing the PK of some of the anti-TB drugs used in DR-TB treatment regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentre observational study was conducted among DR-TB children and adolescents (n\u200a=\u200a200) aged 1\u201318\u2005years (median: 12\u2005years; IQR: 9\u201314) treated under programmatic settings in India. Steady-state PK (intensive: n\u200a=\u200a89; and sparse: n\u200a=\u200a111) evaluation of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, cycloserine, ethionamide, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide was carried out by measuring plasma levels using HPLC methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the study population, the frequency of achieving peak plasma concentrations ranged between 13% (for rifampicin) to 82% (for pyrazinamide), whereas the frequency of suboptimal peak concentration for pyrazinamide, cycloserine, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and rifampicin was 15%, 19%, 29%, 41% and 74%, respectively. Further, the frequency of supratherapeutic levels among patients varied between 3% for pyrazinamide and 60% for isoniazid. In the below-12\u2005years age category, the median plasma maximum concentration and 12\u2005h exposure of moxifloxacin were significantly lower than that of the above-12\u2005years category despite similar weight-adjusted dosing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age significantly impacted the plasma concentration and exposure of moxifloxacin. The observed frequencies of suboptimal and supratherapeutic concentrations underscore the necessity for dose optimization and therapeutic drug monitoring in children and adolescents undergoing DR-TB treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T22:08:49Z","timestamp":1724450929000},"page":"2939-2947","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of anti-TB drugs in children and adolescents with drug-resistant TB: a multicentre observational study from India"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Hemanth Kumar","family":"Agibothu Kupparam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , No.1 Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric GI, Hepatology, Pediatric DR TB (State), Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, B.J. 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Wadia Hospital for Children , Mumbai ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Oswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DR-TB Site-Shatabdi Municipal Hospital , Govandi, Mumbai ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathiksha","family":"Giridharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , No.1 Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarath Balaji","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children , Chennai, Tamil Nadu 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