{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:39:49Z","timestamp":1781732389290,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013392","name":"Minist\u00e8re de la sant\u00e9 et des services sociaux du Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failure to the recommended antimicrobial regimens (azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study was a longitudinal analysis of treatment failures from an observational open cohort of gonococcal infection cases collected in Qu\u00e9bec, Canada (n\u200a=\u200a2547) between September 2015 and December 2019. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, direct case interviews and chart reviews. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar dilution method. To be retained as a treatment failure, cases must have had (i) a laboratory-confirmed gonococcal infection; (ii) a documented treatment; (iii) a positive test of cure (TOC) performed within a defined period and (iv) no sexual contact (vaginal, oral or anal), even protected with a condom, between the beginning of treatment and the positive TOC. A broader definition, including suspected cases, was also examined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1593 cases where a TOC was performed, 83 had a positive TOC: 11 were retained as treatment failure, and 6 were considered suspected cases (overall\u200a=\u200a17\/1593; 1.1%). Possible explanations for retained or suspected treatment failure included resistance to the antibiotics used for treatment (n\u200a=\u200a1), pharyngeal infection (n\u200a=\u200a9, of which 5 had been treated with ceftriaxone and 4 with other regimens); and azithromycin monotherapy (n\u200a=\u200a1). Some cases had more than one potential explanation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment failure occurred in 1.1% of cases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection for which a TOC was performed, including some cases of pharyngeal infection treated with ceftriaxone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T16:15:45Z","timestamp":1726589745000},"page":"3029-3040","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> treatment failure to the recommended antibiotic regimen\u2014Qu\u00e9bec, Canada, 2015\u201319"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine","family":"Blouin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 sur les 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