{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:19:46Z","timestamp":1792189186138,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) is an opportunistic infection for which the standard of care is co-trimoxazole. However, safety concerns and intolerance may compromise its utility.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of echinocandins and clindamycin to treat PcP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated 14 patients treated with a co-trimoxazole-free combined regimen that included echinocandins and clindamycin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical cure was achieved in 8 out of 14 patients, while 5 had a fatal outcome due to their primary disease; however, only one patient died due to PcP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Echinocandin and clindamycin may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for patients who cannot be given co-trimoxazole for PcP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T14:16:23Z","timestamp":1731507383000},"page":"102-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of echinocandins combined with clindamycin in <i>Pneumocystis<\/i> pneumonia: a case series of 14 patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Idoia","family":"Bilbao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Pineda Abel de la Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"de As\u00eds Carmona-Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n","family":"Yuste Ara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L","family":"del Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Pamplona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-6196(12)62478-1","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","volume":"66","author":"Cockerill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.37526\/1526-744X.2021.48.2.177","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and hyperkalemia","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Nurs J"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2011.342","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced hyponatremia","volume":"26","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Consult Pharm"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199005030-00006","article-title":"Pentamidine. A risk-benefit analysis","volume":"5","author":"Wispelwey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.6.807","article-title":"Activity of clindamycin with primaquine against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo","volume":"32","author":"Queener","year":"1988","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2013.854733","article-title":"Structural characterization, technological functionality, and physiological aspects of fungal \u03b2-D-glucans: a review","volume":"56","author":"Borchani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.10.2258","article-title":"Use of beta-1,3-glucan-specific antibody to study the cyst wall of Pneumocystis carinii and effects of pneumocandin B0 analog L-733,560","volume":"38","author":"Nollstadt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-933433","article-title":"Combined trimethoprim and caspofungin treatment for severe Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a five year old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"218","author":"Beltz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E162","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.35","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma after rituximab-containing regimen: two cases of report and literature review","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12133","article-title":"Combination of caspofungin and low-dose trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients","volume":"18","author":"Tu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.760842","article-title":"Is caspofungin really an effective treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection? Experiences at a single center and a literature review","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834c4c3c","article-title":"Successful treatment with echinocandin in an HIV-infected individual failing first-line therapy for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia","volume":"25","author":"Ceballos","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-0065-z","article-title":"Caspofungin treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia during conditioning for bone marrow transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Annaloro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01530.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a patient with Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis treated efficiently with caspofungin","volume":"51","author":"Hof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000280546.91617.6c","article-title":"Efficacy of caspofungin addition to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"84","author":"Utili","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2016.03.008","article-title":"Caspofungin salvage therapy in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B17","first-page":"463","article-title":"[The treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with caspofungin in elderly patients: a case report and literature review]","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-221214","article-title":"HIV-related Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia managed with caspofungin and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescue therapy","volume":"2017","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0307-0","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in an immunosuppressed patient using caspofungin combined with clindamycin: a case report and literature review","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/s1001-9294(12)60009-1","article-title":"Lack of response in severe Pneumocystis pneumonia to combined caspofungin and clindamycin treatment: a case report","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin Med Sci J"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2018.12.003","article-title":"Efficacy of caspofungin combined with clindamycin for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient: a case report and literature review","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X231178050","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient after R-CHOP chemotherapy: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08372-z","article-title":"Efficacy of initial caspofungin plus trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole for severe PCP in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"23","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025010309473220000_dkae379-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100400","article-title":"Evolving epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia: findings from a longitudinal population-based study and a retrospective multi-center study in Germany","volume":"18","author":"Kolbrink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/dkae379\/60648786\/dkae379.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/dkae379\/60648786\/dkae379.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T09:47:43Z","timestamp":1735897663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/80\/1\/102\/7899788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkae379","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]}}}