{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:19:38Z","timestamp":1792091978982,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020265","name":"Stan Perron Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["000990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council for a Centre of Research Excellence","award":["APP2007007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2007007"]}]},{"name":"Investigator Grant","award":["APP2009736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2009736"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund Investigator Grant","award":["APP1197177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1197177"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subcutaneous (SC) administration of antibiotics is a practical alternative to IV administration. Cefazolin is widely used for skin and soft tissue infections and other complex infections by IV administration.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective, cross-over self-controlled study, a single dose of SC cefazolin was administered to 15 stable inpatients established on IV cefazolin as part of their management plan. The equivalent dose of cefazolin was diluted in 50\u2005mL of normal saline via gravity feed over 30\u2005min. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8\u2005h following both the SC and IV doses. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using UPLC-MS\/MS. Pharmacokinetic data were analysed using a non-linear mixed-effects modelling approach. Pain scores and infusion site reactions (oedema\/erythema) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SC cefazolin was well tolerated. The bioavailability of SC administration was 74.8% (95% CI 66.7%\u201381.7%). Slower absorption from SC tissue was associated with a BMI of \u226530. Lower peak, and higher trough concentrations were observed with SC administration. Although lower bioavailability was observed with SC administration, the PTA for unbound drug concentrations greater than the MIC for more than 90% of the time between doses was higher for SC compared with IV administration at MICs between 0.25 and 4\u2005mg\/L. Simulated SC doses of 3\u2005g twice daily had similar PTA to standard IV dosing of 2\u2005g three times daily. A simulated 6\u2005g continuous 24\u2005h infusion of SC cefazolin had a favourable pharmacokinetic profile.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SC cefazolin appears to be well tolerated, with an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with IV administration. Either 3\u2005g twice daily, or 6\u2005g as a 24\u2005h SC infusion could be considered for future evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T18:20:32Z","timestamp":1734114032000},"page":"347-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous cefazolin as an alternative to intravenous administration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1653-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fionnuala","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group , Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okhee","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wesfarmers Centre of 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Group , Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital , Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-9854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven C","family":"Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Herston Infectious Diseases Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, N\u00eemes University Hospital, University of Montpellier , N\u00eemes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1671-6188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Raby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospitals Group , Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital , Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 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