{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:25:41Z","timestamp":1792049141658,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Plan Project","award":["2023BEG02003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BEG02003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to identify and analyse the distribution characteristics, toxin genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens and to investigate its resistance mechanisms and genetic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The MICs of various antibiotics against C. perfringens were determined using the agar dilution method, and resistance genes and toxin genotypes were detected by PCR. Genetic relationships were analysed using MLST. WGS was conducted on the DNB system and PacBio platforms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Analysis of 36 strains of C. perfringens revealed that the major toxin types were types C and F, with 86.1% of the strains isolated from bile samples. Of these, 30.6% of the strains exhibited MDR, with resistance rates of 75.0%, 52.8% and 52.8% for penicillin, clindamycin and ampicillin, respectively; however, no resistance to metronidazole and carbapenems was observed. MLST analysis identified 29 STs, including 14 novel types. ST221 and ST498 were the dominant types. The WGS revealed that the most prevalent virulence factors are plc (100.0%), nagH (100.0%), colA (100.0%), nanJ (100.0%), entB (100%), nanH (97.0%), entA (97.0%) and nanI (90.9%). Among these factors, the primary determinants of tetracycline resistance are tetA (66.7%) and tetB (78.8%), which represent the most frequently detected antibiotic resistance genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study indicates that the infection rate of C. perfringens is relatively high, with the majority of isolated strains exhibiting MDR. The observed high levels of antibiotic resistance, combined with the significant genetic diversity of these strains, suggest a potential public health risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T10:52:24Z","timestamp":1731667944000},"page":"216-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis on characteristics and multilocus sequence typing of <i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i> in western China"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Shao","family":"Yanxia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Xuewei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Records Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Gang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan 750001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan 750001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan 750001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan 750001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010309481584600_dkae399-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0144-8","article-title":"An update on the human and animal enteric pathogen Clostridium perfringens","volume":"7","author":"Kiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microb Infect"},{"key":"2025010309481584600_dkae399-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44281-5","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes among patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in Iran","volume":"9","author":"Azimirad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025010309481584600_dkae399-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11040551","article-title":"Clostridium perfringens associated with foodborne infections of animal origins: insights into prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, toxin genes profiles, and toxinotypes","volume":"11","author":"Bendary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"2025010309481584600_dkae399-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02788.x","article-title":"Escmid Study Group on Antimicrobial Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria. 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