{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:05:09Z","timestamp":1790827509917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) develop resistance to many antimicrobials. To effectively manage infections caused by these organisms, novel agents and\/or combinations of antimicrobials are required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evaluated the in vitro efficacy of ceftazidime\/avibactam in combination with other antimicrobials against CR-GNB.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were searched. Study outcomes were quantified by counting the number of isolates exhibiting synergy, defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration index\u200a\u2264\u200a0.5 for checkerboard and Etest, and a &amp;gt;2 log cfu\/mL reduction for time-kill studies. The proportion of synergy was calculated as the ratio of isolates exhibiting synergy to the total number of isolates tested. These proportions were analysed using a random-effects model, following the Freeman\u2013Tukey double-arcsine transformation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty-five in vitro studies were included. A total of 734 isolates were tested, and 69.3% of them were resistant to ceftazidime\/avibactam. The combination of ceftazidime\/avibactam with aztreonam showed a high synergy rate against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (effect size, ES\u200a=\u200a0.91\u20130.98) and Escherichia coli (ES\u200a=\u200a0.75\u20131.00). Ceftazidime\/avibactam also demonstrated a high synergy rate (ES\u200a=\u200a1) in time-kill studies when combined with azithromycin, fosfomycin and gentamicin against K. pneumoniae. Compared to ceftazidime\/avibactam alone, a higher bactericidal rate was reported when ceftazidime\/avibactam was combined with other antimicrobials against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (57% versus 31%) and E. coli (93% versus 0%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ceftazidime\/avibactam frequently demonstrates synergistic bactericidal activity when combined with various antimicrobials against CR-GNB in in vitro tests. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to validate the utility of ceftazidime\/avibactam-based combination regimens for CR-GNB infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T09:12:16Z","timestamp":1734513136000},"page":"334-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A systematic review and individual bacterial species level meta-analysis of <i>in vitro<\/i> studies on the efficacy of ceftazidime\/avibactam combined with other antimicrobials against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Getnet M","family":"Assefa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University , Dessie ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Herston Infectious Disease Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emerging and Pain Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier , Nimes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah T","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon A","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University , Dessie ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4061-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fekade B","family":"Sime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020223513447000_dkae451-B1","volume-title":"WHO 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