{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:14:29Z","timestamp":1788484469747,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We assessed HIV-1 drug resistance profiles among people living with HIV (PLWH) with detectable viral load (VL) and on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Botswana.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study utilised available 100 residual HIV-1 VL samples from unique PLWH in Francistown who had viraemia at-least 6\u2005months after initiating ART in Botswana\u2019s national ART program from November 2023 to January 2024. Viraemia was categorized as low-level viraemia (LLV) (VL: 200\u2013999\u2005copies\/mL) or virologic failure (VF) (VL \u22651000\u2005copies\/mL). HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase genes were sequenced using an in-house next-generation sequencing Oxford nanopore technology. HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were identified using the HIVdb Program in the Stanford HIV drug resistance database and compared between VL groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 100 participants, 83.0% were on dolutegravir-based, 10.0% were on non-dolutegravir-based ART and 7.0% had unknown\/undocumented ART regimens. Thirty (30%) participants had LLV and 70 (70%) had VF. Among 58 successfully sequenced, 32.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 21.8\u201346.0] had DRMs to any drug class, 33.3% (4\/12) in the LLV group and 32.6% (15\/46) in the VF group. Among individuals on dolutegravir-based ART, the overall HIV DRMs were 34.8% (95% CI: 22.7\u201349.2). By VL groups, 40.0% (95% CI: 16.8\u201368.7) and 33.3% (95% CI: 20.2\u201350.0) had DRMs at LLV and VF, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A high but similar prevalence of any DRMs was observed among individuals with LLV and those with VF on dolutegravir-based therapy. Monitoring DRMs in individuals with detectable VL is crucial for preserving dolutegravir-based ART.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T12:23:57Z","timestamp":1734524637000},"page":"767-776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High prevalence of reverse transcriptase inhibitors associated resistance mutations among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in Francistown, Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8147-2193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ontlametse T","family":"Choga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goitseone M","family":"Lemogang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonderful T","family":"Choga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaonyadiwe","family":"Muzanywa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thembinkosi M","family":"Shadreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charity","family":"Ralegoreng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-8904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorcas","family":"Maruapula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha O","family":"Moraka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine K","family":"Koofhethile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick T","family":"Mokgethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedumetse","family":"Seru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boitumelo J L","family":"Zuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience","family":"Montshosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3679-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Gobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modisa S","family":"Motswaledi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Musonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mpaphi B","family":"Mbulawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Warehouse, Botswana Ministry of Health , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Makhema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahin","family":"Lockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Chebani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Warehouse, Botswana Ministry of Health , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Warehouse, Botswana Ministry of Health , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindani","family":"Bochena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nyangabgwe HIV Reference Laboratory, Botswana Ministry of Health , Francistown ,","place":["Botswana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sikhulile","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria , Pretoria ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7089-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simani","family":"Gaseitsiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Health Partnership , Gaborone ,","place":["Botswana"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B1","article-title":"Botswana Integrated HIV Clinical Care Guidelines, Ministry of Health Botswana","author":"MOH","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.8900","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2016 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA panel","volume":"316","author":"G\u00fcnthard","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B3","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents, Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, Department of Human and Health Services","author":"DHHS","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B4","article-title":"European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines","author":"EACS","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B5","article-title":"Guidelines on antiretroviral treatment for adults living with HIV-1 2022, British HIV Association (2023 interim update)","author":"BHIVA","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001416","article-title":"Patient-reported barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"31","author":"Croome","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S851","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix409","article-title":"Key factors influencing the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"216","author":"Wallis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy436","article-title":"Dolutegravir resistance and failure in a Kenyan patient","volume":"219","author":"Achieng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902824","article-title":"Dolutegravir plus two different prodrugs of Tenofovir to treat HIV","volume":"381","author":"Venter","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19801-x","article-title":"Reduced efficacy of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in patients with drug resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase","volume":"11","author":"Siedner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001920","article-title":"Four-class drug-resistant HIV-1 subtype C in a treatment experienced individual on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in Botswana","volume":"32","author":"Seatla","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B12","volume-title":"Handbook of the Botswana 2023 Integrated HIV Clinical Care Guidelines","author":"MOH","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7565","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S388816","article-title":"HIV-1C in-house RNA-based genotyping assay for detection of drug resistance mutations in samples with low-level viral loads","volume":"15","author":"Bareng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0224292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224292","article-title":"Comparison of an in-house \u2018home-brew\u2019 and commercial ViroSeq integrase genotyping assays on HIV-1 subtype C samples","volume":"14","author":"Seatla","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040594","article-title":"HIV-1 subtype C drug resistance mutations in heavily treated patients failing integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimens in Botswana","volume":"13","author":"Seatla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e381","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00092-3","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir or darunavir in combination with lamivudine plus either zidovudine or tenofovir for second-line treatment of HIV infection (NADIA): week 96 results from a prospective, multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, non-inferiority trial","volume":"9","author":"Paton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003385","article-title":"Viremia and HIV drug resistance among people receiving dolutegravir versus efavirenz-based first-line antiretroviral therapy","volume":"95","author":"Dorward","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae185","article-title":"Emergence of acquired dolutegravir resistance in treatment-experienced people with HIV in Lesotho","volume":"79","author":"Tschumi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020490","article-title":"HIV drug resistance in adults initiating or reinitiating antiretroviral therapy in Uruguay\u2014results of a nationally representative survey, 2018\u20132019","volume":"15","author":"Flieller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz256","article-title":"Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy for patients coinfected with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus: a multicenter, noncomparative, open-label, randomized trial","volume":"70","author":"Dooley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32462-0","article-title":"Dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus dolutegravir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2): week 48 results from two multicentre, double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trials","volume":"393","author":"Cahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1904340","article-title":"Dolutegravir-based or low-dose efavirenz-based regimen for the treatment of HIV-1","volume":"381","author":"NAMSAL ANRS 12313 Study Group","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105427","article-title":"Genotypic correlates of resistance to the HIV-1 strand transfer integrase inhibitor cabotegravir","volume":"208","author":"Rhee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz256","article-title":"A systematic review of the genetic mechanisms of dolutegravir resistance","volume":"74","author":"Rhee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25564","article-title":"Antiviral activity of HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitors against mutants with integrase resistance-associated mutations and their frequency in treatment-na\u00efve individuals","volume":"91","author":"Margot","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp182","article-title":"Rapid selection and archiving of mutation E157Q in HIV-1 DNA during short-term low-level replication on a raltegravir-containing regimen","volume":"64","author":"Ghosn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv012","article-title":"Non-virological response to a dolutegravir-containing regimen in a patient harbouring a E157Q-mutated virus in the integrase region","volume":"70","author":"Danion","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10482","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01725-15","article-title":"Dolutegravir-selected HIV-1 containing the N155H and R263K resistance substitutions does not acquire additional compensatory mutations under drug pressure that lead to higher-level resistance and increased replicative capacity","volume":"89","author":"Anstett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku395","article-title":"Archived HIV-1 DNA resistance mutations to rilpivirine and etravirine in successfully treated HIV-1-infected individuals pre-exposed to efavirenz or nevirapine","volume":"70","author":"Gallien","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200404150-00005","article-title":"Drug-resistant variants that evolve during nonsuppressive therapy persist in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells after long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"35","author":"Verhofstede","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B31","volume-title":"Antiretroviral Resistance in Clinical Practice","author":"De Luca"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8448","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.10.8448-8456.1999","article-title":"Decreased processivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) containing didanosine-selected mutation Leu74Val: a comparative analysis of RT variants Leu74Val and lamivudine-selected Met184Val","volume":"73","author":"Sharma","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1395-1400.2005","article-title":"Diminished replicative fitness of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates harboring the K65R mutation","volume":"43","author":"Weber","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3033","article-title":"Effect of dolutegravir functional monotherapy on HIV-1 virological response in integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistant patients","volume":"21","author":"Naeger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad195","article-title":"Limited emergence of resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in ART-experienced participants failing dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional analysis of a Northeast Nigerian cohort","volume":"78","author":"Abdullahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e733","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00228-X","article-title":"HIV-1 drug resistance in people on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative cohort analysis","volume":"10","author":"Loosli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00352-0","article-title":"Virologic outcomes of switching to dolutegravir functional mono- or dual therapy with a non-cytosine nucleoside analog: a retrospective study of treatment-experienced, patients living with HIV","volume":"18","author":"Rolle","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60965-z","article-title":"Characteristics of drug resistance mutations in ART-experienced HIV-1 patients with low-level viremia in Zhengzhou city, China","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025030423055138200_dkae472-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v23i1.1398","article-title":"Low-level viraemia despite emergence of dolutegravir-resistant variants","volume":"23","author":"Botha","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr J HIV Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/80\/3\/767\/61368286\/dkae472.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/80\/3\/767\/61368286\/dkae472.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T23:06:03Z","timestamp":1741129563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/80\/3\/767\/7944667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkae472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]}}}