{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:04:04Z","timestamp":1788311044025,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Foundation National PhD Training Programme in Antimicrobial Resistance Research","award":["MRF-145-0004-TPG-AVISO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRF-145-0004-TPG-AVISO"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Royal Marsden"},{"name":"Institute of Cancer Research Biomedical Research Centre"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-10-95"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-10-95"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018336","name":"National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000769","name":"University of Oxford","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UK Health Security Agency","award":["NIHR200915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200915"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may contribute to a substantial volume of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care. However, data on the type of antibiotics prescribed for such infections are only available for children &amp;lt;5\u2005years in the UK. Understanding the contribution of RSV to antibiotic prescribing would facilitate predicting the impact of RSV preventative measures on antibiotic use and resistance. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in English general practice attributable to RSV by age and antibiotic class.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generalized additive models examined associations between weekly counts of general practice antibiotic prescriptions and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections from 2015 to 2018, adjusting for temperature, practice holidays and remaining seasonal confounders. We used general practice records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and microbiology tests for RSV, influenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae from England\u2019s Second Generation Surveillance System.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An estimated 2.1% of antibiotics were attributable to RSV, equating to an average of 640 000 prescriptions annually. Of these, adults \u226575\u2005years contributed to the greatest volume, with an annual average of 149\u200a078 (95% credible interval: 93\u200a733\u2013206\u200a045). Infants 6\u201323\u2005months had the highest average annual rate at 6580 prescriptions per 100\u200a000 individuals (95% credible interval: 4522\u20138651). Most RSV-attributable antibiotic prescriptions were penicillins, macrolides or tetracyclines. Adults \u226565\u2005years had a wider range of antibiotic classes associated with RSV compared with younger age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interventions to reduce the burden of RSV, particularly in older adults, could complement current strategies to reduce antibiotic use in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T08:31:01Z","timestamp":1739953861000},"page":"1116-1126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["General practice antibiotic prescriptions attributable to respiratory syncytial virus by age and antibiotic class: an ecological analysis of the English population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Digital Health Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Healthcare Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Usage and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency , London NW9 5EQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9709-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Beaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Digital Health Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2838-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Usage and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency , London NW9 5EQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie V","family":"Robotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Usage and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency , London NW9 5EQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen B","family":"Pouwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford OX2 6GG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e8ire E","family":"Costelloe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Digital Health Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Health Informatics Group, Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP 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