{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:53Z","timestamp":1787009033298,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Well-established side effects of trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole include cutaneous and liver toxicity, hypersensitivity syndrome and blood dyscrasias. Trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole has also been associated with severe lung toxicity (LT) but reports are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated pharmacovigilance data and reviewed spontaneous reports of trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole-related LT recorded in the French national pharmacovigilance database (FPVD) and the WHO global database of adverse events (VigiBase\u00ae) up to 31 December 2023. We performed disproportionality analysis to detect a possible pharmacovigilance signal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 755 patients with trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole-related LT were reported in VigiBase\u00ae, 17 of which were from the FPVD. In VigiBase\u00ae, interstitial lung disease was the most frequent LT pattern (30.5%). A fatal outcome was reported in 197 patients (26.1%). Significant reporting ORs were observed for the following trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole-related LT patterns: interstitial lung disease 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3\u20131.7); acute respiratory distress syndrome 2.9 (95% CI: 2.5\u20133.5); eosinophilic pneumonia 4.1 (95% CI: 3.2\u20135.2); diffuse alveolar damage 3.7 (95% CI: 2.6\u20135.3); organizing pneumonia 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4\u20133.1); pulmonary toxicity 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3\u20132.9); acute lung injury 7.5 (95% CI: 4.9\u201311.6) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7\u20134.2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We highlight statistically significant disproportionality for several trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole-related LT patterns, which constitutes a pharmacovigilance signal. Trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole-related LT is rare, but may be critical and even life-threatening. Physicians should be aware of potential trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole-related LT and should inform their patients, since early intervention could prevent severe outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T07:47:21Z","timestamp":1738741641000},"page":"1148-1152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lung toxicity related to trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole: pharmacovigilance data review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Givry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims , Reims ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Lebargy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Reims , Reims 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