{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:40:31Z","timestamp":1786513231217,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Gonorrhoea constitutes a global public health threat. Although a range of antibiotics have been available to treat gonococcal infections for more than 80 years, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has shown remarkable versatility in its ability to develop resistance to successive classes of drugs. As a result, national and international treatment guidelines have had to be regularly updated to take account of increases in the prevalence of gonococcal strains resistant to recommended antibiotics. Even when particular antibiotics are no longer empirically used to treat gonorrhoea, N. gonorrhoeae often retains resistance, with strains becoming MDR over time. Future efforts to ensure gonorrhoea remains a treatable infection will require a multidisciplinary global approach including efforts to provide widely available and affordable diagnostic testing, robust international surveillance of resistance, and the development of new antibiotics coupled with enhanced antimicrobial stewardship to ensure optimal use of both new and older antimicrobial agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:30:18Z","timestamp":1744270218000},"page":"1213-1219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The continuing evolution of antibiotic resistance in <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>: past, present and future threats to effective treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Fifer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI & HIV Division, UK Health Security Agency , London NW9 5EQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , Birmingham B1 3NJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B1","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofae389","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae389","article-title":"A meta-analysis to quantify the risk of disseminated gonococcal infection with porin B serotype","volume":"11","author":"Welch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2174\/157016212800618138","article-title":"Modulation of HIV transmission by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: molecular and immunological aspects","volume":"10","author":"Jarvis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B4","author":"UK Health Security Agency"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B5","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1937.02780220013003","article-title":"The use of sulfanilamide in gonococcic infections: preliminary report","volume":"108","author":"Dees","year":"1937","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1943.02840220021005","article-title":"Use of penicillin in sulfonamide resistant gonorrheal infections","volume":"122","author":"Herrell","year":"1943","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.34.4.227","article-title":"Effects of penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline on N. gonorrhoeae isolated in 1944 and in 1957","volume":"34","author":"Reyn","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/122.5.459","article-title":"Comparative study of gonococcal susceptibility to penicillin in the United States, 1955\u20131969","volume":"122","author":"Martin","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.7.6.788","article-title":"Possible mechanism of decreased susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin","volume":"7","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1975","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92467-3","article-title":"Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"2","author":"Ashford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92466-1","article-title":"\u00df-lactamase-producing, penicillin-resistant gonococcus","volume":"2","author":"Phillips","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6046.1233","article-title":"Infection with penicillinase-producing gonococcus","volume":"2","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90617-6","article-title":"Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"2","author":"Turner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B15","first-page":"357","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae producing \u00df-lactamase (penicillinase)","volume":"52","author":"WHO","year":"1977","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.11.3.528","article-title":"Plasmid-mediated \u00df-lactamase production in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"11","author":"Elwell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.124.2.740-749.1975","article-title":"Inheritance of low-level resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"124","author":"Sparling","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.30.5.664","article-title":"High-level tetracycline resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is result of acquisition of streptococcal tetM determinant","volume":"30","author":"Morse","year":"1986","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.100871","article-title":"High tetracycline resistance percentages in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Europe: is doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis unlikely to reduce the incident gonorrhoea cases?","volume":"38","author":"Unemo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv28","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050904","article-title":"Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in selected countries of the WHO South-East Asia Region between 2009 and 2012: a retrospective analysis","volume":"89","author":"Bala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv36","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050905","article-title":"Two decades of the gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance program in South America and the Caribbean: challenges and opportunities","volume":"89","author":"Dillon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211934","article-title":"Postexposure doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections","volume":"388","author":"Luetkemeyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00236-6","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis and meningococcal group B vaccine to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in France (ANRS 174 DOXYVAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial with a 2 \u00d7 \u200a2 factorial design","volume":"24","author":"Molina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30725-9","article-title":"Post-exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: an open-label randomised substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY trial","volume":"18","author":"Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pii=19568","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.19.19568-en","article-title":"Spectinomycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea","volume":"15","author":"Gil-Setas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.51.4.257","article-title":"Activity of eight antimicrobial agents in vitro against N. gonorrhoeae","volume":"51","author":"Stolz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6408.1827","article-title":"Spectinomycin resistant gonococci","volume":"287","author":"Ison","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707303170504","article-title":"Effect of spectinomycin use on the prevalence of spectinomycin-resistant and of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"317","author":"Boslego","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B29","first-page":"470","article-title":"Notice to readers: shortage of spectinomycin","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"Morb Mort Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B30","author":"International Union Against Sexually Transmitted Infections Europe"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0301.970104","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"3","author":"Knapp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"RR-14","key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"42","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1993","journal-title":"Morb Mort Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.4.1020","article-title":"Quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: correlation of alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV with antimicrobial susceptibility profiles","volume":"40","author":"Deguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01297.x","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates","volume":"14","author":"Belland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.70.2.90","article-title":"High prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Japan","volume":"70","author":"Tanaka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000145846.45781.a4","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone-resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Hawaii, 1990\u20132000: role of foreign importation and endemic spread","volume":"31","author":"Iverson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Trans Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.63","article-title":"Meeting the public health challenge of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"7","author":"Tapsall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Antiinfect Ther"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.5.752","article-title":"In vitro activities of azithromycin (CP 62,993), clarithromycin (A-56268; TE-031), erythromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin","volume":"32","author":"Barry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000187231.28812.29","article-title":"Challenges in the control of gonorrhea in South America and the Caribbean: monitoring the development of resistance to antibiotics","volume":"33","author":"Dillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Trans Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00805-7","article-title":"Azithromycin resistant gonococci: a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Derbie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Cont"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw279","article-title":"WGS analysis and molecular resistance mechanisms of azithromycin-resistant (MIC &gt;2 mg\/L) Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Europe from 2009 to 2014","volume":"71","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30122-1","article-title":"Sustained transmission of high-level azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England: an observational study","volume":"18","author":"Fifer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B43","first-page":"75S","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"34","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1985","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B44","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419886775","article-title":"2018 UK national guideline for the management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"31","author":"Fifer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J STD & AIDS"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.03.004","article-title":"Global transmission of multiple-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains refractive to cephalosporin treatment","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3744-3749.2002","article-title":"Mosaic-like structure of penicillin-binding protein 2 gene (penA) in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to cefixime","volume":"46","author":"Ameyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-008-0610-7","article-title":"Analysis of amino acid sequences of penicillin-binding protein 2 in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone","volume":"14","author":"Osaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00304-09","article-title":"Genetics of chromosomally mediated intermediate resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"53","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00325-11","article-title":"Is Neisseria Gonorrhoeae initiating a future era of untreatable gonorrhoea? Detailed characterization of the first strain with high-level resistance to ceftriaxone","volume":"55","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1408109","article-title":"A new multidrug-resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Australia","volume":"371","author":"Lahra","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05760-11","article-title":"High-level cefixime- and ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in France: novel penA mosaic allele in a successful international clone causes treatment failure","volume":"56","author":"Unemo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks162","article-title":"Molecular characterization of two high-level ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates detected in Catalonia, Spain","volume":"67","author":"Camara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2402.171756","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Canada, 2018","volume":"24","author":"Lefebre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.42.17-00659","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, Denmark, 2017","volume":"22","author":"Terkelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2404.171873","article-title":"Cooperative recognition of internationally disseminated ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain","volume":"24","author":"Lahra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00504-16","article-title":"New ceftriaxone- and multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with a novel mosaic penA gene isolated in Japan","volume":"60","author":"Nakayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e332","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00479-6","article-title":"The enhanced gonococcal surveillance programme, Cambodia","volume":"23","author":"Ouk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7312a2","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant gonorrhea\u2014China, 2022","volume":"73","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlae053","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae053","article-title":"High prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant and XDR Neisseria gonorrhoeae in several cities of Cambodia, 2022\u201323: WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP)","volume":"6","author":"Ouk","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101125","article-title":"The WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP) identifies high levels of ceftriaxone resistance across Vietnam, 2023","volume":"48","author":"Lan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae369","article-title":"Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae detected in England, 2015\u201324: an observational analysis","volume":"79","author":"Fifer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B63","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pii=1900118","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.8.1900118","article-title":"Genetic relatedness of ceftriaxone-resistant and high-level azithromycin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae cases, United Kingdom and Australia, February to April 2018","volume":"24","author":"Jennison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B65","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6950a6","article-title":"Update to CDC's treatment guidelines for gonococcal infection, 2020","volume":"69","author":"St Cyr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pii=1800323","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.27.1800323","article-title":"Gonorrhoea treatment failure caused by a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with combined ceftriaxone and high-level azithromycin resistance, England, February 2018","volume":"23","author":"Eyre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e532","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00001-X","article-title":"Managing treatment failure in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection: current guidelines and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Allan-Blitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32817-4","article-title":"Gentamicin compared with ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhoea (G-ToG): a randomised non-inferiority trial","volume":"393","author":"Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.08.004","article-title":"Gentamicin 240 mg plus azithromycin 2 g vs. ceftriaxone 500 mg plus azithromycin 2 g for treatment of rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhoea: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Rob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00625-3","article-title":"Efficacy of ertapenem, gentamicin, fosfomycin, and ceftriaxone for the treatment of anogenital gonorrhoea (NABOGO): a randomised, non-inferiority trial","volume":"22","author":"de Vries","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1109","article-title":"Gentamicin alone is inadequate to eradicate Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the pharynx","volume":"71","author":"Barbee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010922","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00109-22","article-title":"In vitro activity of ertapenem against Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates with decreased susceptibility or resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Nanjing, China (2013 to 2019)","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw864","article-title":"Implementation of a rapid genotypic assay to promote targeted ciprofloxacin therapy of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a large health system","volume":"64","author":"Allan-Blitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae446","article-title":"Novel approach using automated target enrichment enables culture-independent accurate whole-genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae directly from clinical urogenital and extragenital specimens","volume":"80","author":"Golparian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B76","author":"Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP)"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B77","author":"GSK"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-024-00087-w","article-title":"Recommendations for the optimal introduction of novel antibiotics to treat uncomplicated gonorrhoea in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance: a case study with zoliflodacin","volume":"2","author":"Pascual","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2025052909013076600_dkaf109-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e781","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00145-3","article-title":"Resistance-minimising strategies for introducing a novel antibiotic for gonorrhoea treatment: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"4","author":"Reichert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/80\/5\/1213\/62901609\/dkaf109.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/80\/5\/1213\/62901609\/dkaf109.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T13:01:41Z","timestamp":1748523701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/80\/5\/1213\/8109803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaf109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]}}}