{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:26:39Z","timestamp":1790389599538,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010318","name":"University of Manitoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shared Health, the National Microbiology Laboratory"},{"name":"Avir Pharma Inc."},{"name":"Iterum Therapeutics"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015631","name":"Merck Canada Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Paladin Labs"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023517","name":"Sandoz Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023517","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shionogi Inc."},{"name":"Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc."},{"name":"Venatorx Pharmaceuticals Inc."},{"name":"Verity Pharmaceuticals and Xediton Pharmaceuticals Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study reviewed the patient demographic parameters, molecular characteristics and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for MRSA isolates infecting inpatients and outpatients presenting for care to tertiary-care Canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>DNA sequencing was used to generate spa types. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected by PCR. Broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing (CLSI M7, 12th edition, 2024) was performed with MICs interpreted by CLSI M100 breakpoints (34th edition, 2024) when available.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 2697 MRSA were identified among 12734 Staphylococcus aureus isolates submitted to the CANWARD study between 2007 and 2023. The annual proportion of MRSA decreased significantly from 2007 (26.1%) to 2017 (16.0%) and then increased to 24.2% in 2023 (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.0001). From 2007 to 2023, community-associated (CA)-MRSA spa types increased from 20.8% to 75.0% (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.0001), while hospital-associated (HA)-MRSA decreased from 79.2% to 25.0% (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.0001). The predominant MRSA spa types identified among all isolates were t002 (36.3%), an HA-MRSA genotype, and t008 (24.5%), a CA-MRSA genotype. PVL was detected in 36.0% of all MRSA isolates (76.3% of CA-MRSA; 2.7% of HA-MRSA). Percent susceptible values for all MRSA isolates were \u226599% for ceftobiprole, dalbavancin, daptomycin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin and vancomycin. Notable differences in percent susceptible values were identified for clindamycin (HA-MRSA, 38.9%; CA-MRSA, 86.9%) (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.0001) trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (HA-MRSA, 91.4%; CA-MRSA, 98.8%) (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.0001) and doxycycline (HA-MRSA, 96.6%; CA-MRSA, 98.8%) (P\u200a=\u200a0.0003).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The changing epidemiology of MRSA in Canadian hospitals warrants continued national surveillance efforts as a resource to support therapeutic guidelines and infection control and prevention programmes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T05:31:40Z","timestamp":1756359100000},"page":"ii27-ii34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> in Canadian hospitals: 17 years of the CANWARD study (2007\u201323)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Anissa","family":"Brahami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 0J9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Karlowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 0J9","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3A 1R9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada , 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 3M4","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R","family":"Golding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 0J9","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada , 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 3M4","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3A 1R9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie R","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 0J9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-6454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather J","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 0J9","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3A 1R9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe R S","family":"Lagac\u00e9-Wiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 0J9","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3A 1R9","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George G","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba , R3E 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