{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:48:18Z","timestamp":1756464498191,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010318","name":"University of Manitoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shared Health"},{"name":"the National Microbiology Laboratory"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bloodstream infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common pathogens causing bacteraemia among Canadian patients and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Annually from 2007 to 2023, bloodstream isolates from patients admitted to or evaluated at Canadian hospitals were collected by sentinel laboratories (CANWARD surveillance study). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 26\u200a067 bloodstream isolates were obtained over 17\u2005years of the CANWARD study (14\u200a954 from inpatients, 11\u200a107 from outpatients, no patient location for six isolates). The five most common pathogens were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. There was little variation in pathogen distribution over time but certain pathogens were more common among inpatients (e.g. Candida albicans, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) while others were more common among outpatients (e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae). The proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli increased from 4.5% (2007\u201309) to 12.7% (2019\u201323). The proportion of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae increased from 2.0% (2007\u201309) to 7.1% (2018\u201323). Vancomycin susceptibility among Enterococcus faecium decreased from 84.9% (2007\u201309) to 69.0% (2019\u201323). In contrast, the proportions of S. aureus that were MRSA and P. aeruginosa that had a difficult-to-treat resistance phenotype were relatively stable.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There has been little variation in the pathogens commonly causing bacteraemia among Canadian patients over the course of the CANWARD study, but some resistant phenotypes (e.g. ESBL-producing E. coli, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, VRE) are being encountered more frequently in recent years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T05:31:45Z","timestamp":1756359105000},"page":"ii72-ii82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogens recovered from the bloodstream of Canadian patients: results from the CANWARD study (2007\u201323)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Walkty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , GC419-820 Sherbrook Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-6454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather J","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Karlowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yazdan","family":"Mirzanejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surrey Hospital Campus & Health Sciences Centre , Centre 1B-9750 140th Street, Surrey, British Columbia V3T 0G9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Lagac\u00e9-Wiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health , MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , GC419-820 Sherbrook Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George G","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 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