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Depending upon the year, these were from 23 to 39 sentinel laboratories and were collected between 1999 and 2019, thus spanning the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV7 and PCV13.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pneumococcal identification, susceptibility testing and serotyping were undertaken by a central laboratory. Changes in serotype distributions and among the predominant types showing antibiotic non-susceptibility were reviewed in relation to vaccine deployment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the introduction of PCV7 (2006) and PCV13 (2010), major shifts occurred in serotype prevalence for both bacteraemia and CA-LRTI. PCV7 types and most PCV13 types (but not 3 and 19A) were largely or wholly displaced. Many of the displaced types (e.g. 6B, 9V, 14, 19F and 23B) had been internationally prevalent and were associated with antibiotic resistance. Other serotypes\u2014many included within the older pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, PPV23\u2014expanded into the space, with serotype 8 becoming especially prominent in bacteraemia, though not respiratory infections. Further increasingly prevalent types included 9N, 10A, 12F and 22F. Serotype 15A, often multi-resistant, rose then fell in relative importance after deployment of PCV13. Among the currently most prevalent types, serotype 3 is rarely resistant to agents besides tetracyclines and bloodstream serotype 8 isolates mostly are fully susceptible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data offer a comparison of serotypes associated with bacteraemia and respiratory disease over two decades in the UK and Ireland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T07:48:06Z","timestamp":1751701686000},"page":"iv72-iv86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trends of serotypes and resistance among\n                    <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    in the UK and Ireland (1999\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Carolyne","family":"Horner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , 53 Regent Place, Birmingham B1 3NJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosy","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , 53 Regent Place, Birmingham B1 3NJ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 2PS ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shazad","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency , Colindale, London NW9 5EQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiysha","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency , Colindale, London NW9 5EQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Adkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency , Colindale, London NW9 5EQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , 53 Regent Place, Birmingham B1 3NJ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Medical Affairs, MSD (UK) Limited , 120 Moorgate, London EC2M 6UR ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5586-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Longshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , 53 Regent Place, Birmingham B1 3NJ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Scientific Affairs, Shionogi B.V., Fifty Paddington , 50 Eastbourne Terrace, Paddington W2 6LG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J","family":"Parcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School , Dundee DD1 9SY ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School , Dundee DD1 9SY ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David 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