{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:12:37Z","timestamp":1792599157818,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-ER2107-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-ER2107-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared the effectiveness of piperacillin\/tazobactam and cefepime as empirical antibiotics for sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with sepsis, receiving either piperacillin\/tazobactam or cefepime as empirical treatment. Relevant data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for the imbalance in covariates between both groups. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and Clostridium difficile infection and vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization rates were the secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 2485 eligible patients, 1161 received piperacillin\/tazobactam and 1324 received cefepime as empirical treatment for sepsis. After stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting, 90-day mortality did not significantly differ between the groups. The Kaplan\u2013Meier curve showed no difference in 90-day mortality between the two groups (log-rank test, P\u200a=\u200a0.947). Similarly, the rate of C. difficile infection and vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization did not significantly differ.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No significant difference was observed in the risk of mortality in the empirical use of either antibiotic, suggesting comparable efficacy in sepsis. Therefore, individual patient characteristics should be considered when treating sepsis rather than systematically recommending antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T07:28:57Z","timestamp":1751786937000},"page":"2487-2495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparing the mortality of patients with sepsis using empirical piperacillin\/tazobactam and cefepime: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yongseop","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeeun","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3740-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Young","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam Su","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon-Sup","family":"Yeom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System , 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090219522502200_dkaf254-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025090219522502200_dkaf254-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5804","article-title":"Hospital deaths in patients with sepsis from 2 independent cohorts","volume":"312","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025090219522502200_dkaf254-B3","volume-title":"National Inpatient Hospital Costs: The Most Expensive Conditions by Payer, 2013. 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