{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:50:30Z","timestamp":1790383830130,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010318","name":"University of Manitoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shared Health"},{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory"},{"name":"Avir Pharma Inc."},{"name":"Iterum Therapeutics"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015631","name":"Merck Canada Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Paladin Labs"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023517","name":"Sandoz Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023517","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shionogi Inc."},{"name":"Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc."},{"name":"Venatorx Pharmaceuticals Inc."},{"name":"Verity Pharmaceuticals"},{"name":"Xediton Pharmaceuticals Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CANWARD is a Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA)\/Health Canada partnered national surveillance study established in 2007 to annually assess antimicrobial susceptibilities for bacterial pathogens isolated from patients receiving care in Canadian hospitals. This paper focuses on Gram-positive pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 25\u200a897 Gram-positive pathogens were received and 22\u200a132 underwent CLSI broth microdilution testing providing susceptibility data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>47.9%, 30.2%, 5.7% and 16.2% of isolates tested were from blood, respiratory, urine and wound specimens, respectively; 29.9%, 24.8%, 19.0%, 18.1% and 8.2% of isolates were from patients in medical wards, emergency rooms, intensive care units, hospital clinics and surgical wards. Patient demographics associated with the isolates were: 58.9% male\/41.1% female; 13.5% patients aged \u226417\u2005years, 48.5% 18\u201364\u2005years and 38.0%\u200a\u2265\u200a65\u2005years. Of the 25\u200a897 pathogens received, the most common were: Staphylococcus aureus [20.9% (MSSA 16.5%\/MRSA 4.4%)], Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.2%) and Enterococcus spp. (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium) (5.0%). MRSA rates (MRSA as a % of all S. aureus tested) decreased significantly during 2007\u201315 from 26.0% to 19.3% (P\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a0.0001); subsequently they increased significantly through study years 2016\u201323 (16.9%\u201324.1%; P\u200a=\u200a0.002). VRE rates (VRE as a % of all E. faecium tested) ranged from 3.8% to 18.4%, with marked fluctuation year-to-year. Susceptibility rates for MRSA were highest with: 100% ceftobiprole, 99.9% linezolid, vancomycin and daptomycin, 99.8% dalbavancin and 99.4% tedizolid, while susceptibility rates for VRE were 98.4% daptomycin and 86.0% with linezolid.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CANWARD surveillance study has provided 17\u2005years of reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing data on Gram-positive pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T05:31:43Z","timestamp":1756359103000},"page":"ii5-ii14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gram-positive pathogens from Canadian hospitals: 17\u2005years of results from the CANWARD study (2007\u201323)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"George G","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie R","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1788-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa R","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada , 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 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