{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T08:14:17Z","timestamp":1763972057832,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002066","name":"GSK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["207965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["207965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Kuwait and United Arab Emirates (UAE), collected in 2018\u201321.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MICs determined by CLSI broth microdilution; susceptibility data interpreted using CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 49 S. pneumoniae and 79 H. influenzae and 49 S. pneumoniae and 34 H. influenzae were collected from Kuwait and UAE, respectively. Of the pneumococci, 26.5% (UAE) and 20.4% (Kuwait) were penicillin susceptible by CLSI oral\/EUCAST low-dose breakpoints; by CLSI intravenous\/EUCAST high-dose administration, 95.9% (UAE) and 85.7% (Kuwait) were susceptible. Similar susceptibility was observed to ceftriaxone, amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin and cefotaxime (CLSI: 73.5%\u201393.9%) but lower to other cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole. Fluoroquinolones were \u226598.0% susceptible (CLSI\/EUCAST high-dose). Compared with CLSI, activity was similar by EUCAST high-dose or pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) breakpoints with few exceptions. Of the H. influenzae isolates, 17.7% (Kuwait) and 8.8% (UAE) carried \u03b2-lactamases. Significant differences in H. influenzae susceptibility (CLSI) were found for amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid (81.0% Kuwait\/97.1% UAE) and fluoroquinolones (UAE: levofloxacin 88.2%, moxifloxacin 82.4%; Kuwait: both 98.7%). Susceptibility was overall &amp;gt;91.2% (CLSI) except for ampicillin (81.0% Kuwait) and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (47.1% UAE\/55.7% Kuwait). EUCAST susceptibility was similar, except for cefuroxime. PK\/PD susceptibility was similar to CLSI, but lower for cefaclor, cefuroxime and macrolides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pneumococci were susceptible to fluoroquinolones (&amp;gt;98%), amoxicillin and amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid (&amp;gt;79%\u201394%), ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (&amp;gt;73%\u201394%). Susceptibility was lower to oral\/low-dose penicillin (20%\u201327%), macrolides (33%\u201351%), tetracyclines (53%\u201359%) and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (33%\u201361%). Susceptibility was generally &amp;gt;80% in H. influenzae except for trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (47%\u201356%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:43:35Z","timestamp":1753357415000},"page":"iii19-iii37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2018\u201321 in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates: data based on CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) breakpoints"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Didem","family":"Torumkuney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiman","family":"Mokaddas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , 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