{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:48:18Z","timestamp":1778644098251,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002066","name":"GSK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["207965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["207965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ashfield MedComms"},{"name":"Inizio company"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from community-acquired respiratory tract infections from four hospitals in T\u00fcrkiye in 2018\u201321.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MICs were determined by CLSI methodology, and susceptibility was interpreted using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) breakpoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>S. pneumoniae (n\u200a=\u200a142) and H. influenzae (n\u200a=\u200a315) isolates were collected. Penicillin susceptibility in pneumococci was 35.9% by CLSI oral\/EUCAST low-dose breakpoints and 82.4% by EUCAST high-dose\/CLSI intravenous administration. Similar susceptibility (78.2%\u201382.4%, CLSI) was observed for ceftriaxone, amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin and cefotaxime. Other cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole were poorly active (42.3%\u201359.2%); fluoroquinolones (\u226597.9%) were most active. Susceptibility by EUCAST was lower for high-dose amoxicillin (64.8%), high-dose amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid (59.2%) and cefaclor (0%), but higher for high-dose ceftriaxone (99.3%). High-dose PK\/PD breakpoints for amoxicillin and amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid increased susceptibility (87.3% and 88.0%). Most H. influenzae were \u03b2-lactamase negative (n\u200a=\u200a294, 93.3%); 26 (8.3%) were \u03b2-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant by EUCAST breakpoints and eight (2.5%) by CLSI breakpoints. Antibiotic susceptibility was \u226591.8% (CLSI) except ampicillin (85.4%) and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (64.1%). EUCAST or PK\/PD breakpoint susceptibility was similar, except for oral cefuroxime (0% EUCAST, 71.7% PK\/PD and 99.4% CLSI) and macrolides (no EUCAST breakpoint, 1.0%\u20132.5% PK\/PD and 96.5%\u201399.1% CLSI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Susceptibility in S. pneumoniae was &amp;lt;60% except for fluoroquinolones, amoxicillin and amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. H. influenzae susceptibility to most antibiotics was &amp;gt;90% except for trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. These data are similar to recent surveillance of antibiotic resistance data in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T11:51:55Z","timestamp":1753271515000},"page":"iii98-iii113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2018\u201321 in T\u00fcrkiye: data based on CLSI, EUCAST (dose-specific) and pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) breakpoints"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Didem","family":"Torumkuney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nergis","family":"Keles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Medical & Scientific Affairs, GSK , Istanbul 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