{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:28:52Z","timestamp":1787239732666,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad of Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023961","name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023961","name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB21\/13\/00099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Institute of Health Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI21\/00043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Institute of Health Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Institute of Health Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections caused by XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly limit treatment options. Although ceftolozane\/tazobactam and ceftazidime\/avibactam have emerged as promising alternatives, increasing resistance has been reported. This study describes three critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by OXA-producing XDR P. aeruginosa that developed resistance to both agents during therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibiotic exposure and resistance were monitored clinically and in a hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) to evaluate different ceftazidime\/avibactam and ceftolozane\/tazobactam regimens. Drug concentrations, bacterial burden and resistant mutants were assessed. Whole-genome sequencing and resistance profiling were performed on both clinical and HFIM-derived isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initial patient isolates were susceptible to both antibiotics. One belonged to ST179 (OXA-10 producer), while two were ST235 (OXA-2 or OXA-2\u200a+\u200aOXA-10 producers). Resistance emerged during therapy in all cases. In the HFIM, continuous infusion of ceftolozane\/tazobactam plus meropenem achieved bacterial eradication for ST179 within 8\u2005h. For ST235 isolates, high-exposure ceftazidime\/avibactam regimens (4-h or continuous infusion) achieved bacterial eradication and prevented regrowth. In contrast, low-exposure 2-h infusions allowed bacterial rebound and resistance selection. Mechanisms of resistance were similar across clinical and HFIM isolates, involving overexpression or structural modification of OXA enzymes, except in one ST235 HFIM derived-isolate, in which resistance development was caused by an AmpC \u03a9-loop mutation. Pharmacokinetic validation confirmed accurate drug exposure in the model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the importance of optimized dosing strategies, particularly high-concentration and prolonged infusions, in eradicating and preventing resistance development in OXA-producing P. aeruginosa infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T12:46:28Z","timestamp":1765111588000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preventing resistance development in infections by OXA \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    : correlating clinical outcomes with hollow-fibre model input"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda M","family":"Montero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar. Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almudena","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Son Espases, IdISBa , Palma de Mallorca ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Domene-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar. Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar. Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"L\u00f3pez-Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar. Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cortes-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Son Espases, IdISBa , Palma de Mallorca ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3215-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Hospital del Mar , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Colomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Son Espases, IdISBa , Palma de Mallorca ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Mulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Son Espases, IdISBa , Palma de Mallorca ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"L\u00f3pez-Causap\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Son Espases, IdISBa , Palma de Mallorca ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9562-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Sorl\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar. Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Microbiology Service, Laboratori de Refer\u00e8ncia de Catalunya , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan P","family":"Horcajada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar. Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC CB21\/13\/00002 and CB21\/13\/00099), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda y Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Son Espases, IdISBa , Palma de Mallorca ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00031-19","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00031-19","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections","volume":"32","author":"Horcajada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2048972","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa \u2013 an emerging challenge","volume":"11","author":"Tenover","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00685","article-title":"The versatile mutational resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"9","author":"L\u00f3pez-Causap\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy378","article-title":"Difficult-to-treat resistance in gram-negative bacteremia at 173 US hospitals: retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and outcome of resistance to all first-line agents","volume":"67","author":"Kadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106196","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic high-risk clones and their association with horizontally-acquired \u03b2-lactamases: 2020 update","volume":"56","author":"del Barrio-Tofi\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.12.026","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, resistance mechanisms and international clonal lineages: update from ESGARS-ESCMID\/ISARPAE group","volume":"30","author":"Oliver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad758","article-title":"The real crisis in antimicrobial resistance: failure to anticipate and respond","volume":"78","author":"Bonomo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx424","article-title":"Mechanisms leading to in vivo ceftolozane\/tazobactam resistance development during the treatment of infections caused by MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"73","author":"Fraile-Ribot","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3361-0","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam for the treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: experience from the Balearic Islands","volume":"37","author":"D\u00edaz-Ca\u00f1estro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.03.013","article-title":"Emerging resistance mechanisms to newer \u03b2-lactams in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"31","author":"Oliver","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01512-08","article-title":"Diversity, epidemiology, and genetics of class D \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"54","author":"Poirel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa396","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms driving the in vivo development of OXA-10-mediated resistance to ceftolozane\/tazobactam and ceftazidime\/avibactam during treatment of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections","volume":"76","author":"Arca-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111456","article-title":"Suboptimal concentrations of ceftazidime\/avibactam (CAZ-AVI) may select for CAZ-AVI resistance in extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in vivo and in vitro evidence","volume":"11","author":"Lopez-Montesinos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00026-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00026-18","article-title":"Evaluation of ceftolozane-tazobactam in combination with meropenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequence type 175 in a hollow-fiber infection model","volume":"62","author":"Montero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1523-y","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of meropenem in neurocritical care patients with proven or suspected ventriculitis: a prospective observational study","volume":"20","author":"Blassmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa197","article-title":"Determining the optimal dosing of a novel combination regimen of ceftazidime\/avibactam with aztreonam against NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae using a hollow-fibre infection model","volume":"75","author":"Lodise","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01784-4","article-title":"Impact of ceftolozane\/tazobactam concentrations in continuous infusion against extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in a hollow-fiber infection model","volume":"11","author":"Montero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.015","article-title":"Understanding Bland Altman analysis","volume":"25","author":"Giavarina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad172","article-title":"In vitro dynamics and mechanisms of cefiderocol resistance development in wild-type, mutator and XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"78","author":"Gomis-Font","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0201921","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02019-21","article-title":"Impact of peptidoglycan recycling blockade and expression of horizontally acquired \u03b2-lactamases on Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence","volume":"10","author":"Barcel\u00f3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01645-10","article-title":"Overexpression of AmpC and efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from bloodstream infections: prevalence and impact on resistance in a Spanish multicenter study","volume":"55","author":"Cabot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081036","article-title":"Model-informed translation of in vitro effects of short-, prolonged- and continuous-infusion meropenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa to clinical settings","volume":"11","author":"Minichmayr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01117-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01117-17","article-title":"In vivo emergence of resistance to novel cephalosporin\u2013\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations through the duplication of amino acid D149 from OXA-2 \u03b2-lactamase (OXA-539) in sequence type 235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"61","author":"Fraile-Ribot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.011","article-title":"Predicting Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility phenotypes from whole genome sequence resistome analysis","volume":"27","author":"Cortes-Lara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2174","article-title":"Bacterial gene amplification: implications for the evolution of antibiotic resistance","volume":"7","author":"Sandegren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv170","article-title":"Phase 1 study assessing the steady-state concentration of ceftazidime and avibactam in plasma and epithelial lining fluid following two dosing regimens","volume":"70","author":"Nicolau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026011413273085100_dkaf464-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1733","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis for plasma and epithelial lining fluid ceftolozane\/tazobactam concentrations in patients with ventilated nosocomial pneumonia","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/81\/1\/dkaf464\/65924103\/dkaf464.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/81\/1\/dkaf464\/65924103\/dkaf464.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T18:27:39Z","timestamp":1768415259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaf464\/8381501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaf464","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"article-number":"dkaf464"}}