{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:35:01Z","timestamp":1776468901846,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an increasing concern worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae in The Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All non-duplicate consecutive specimens with a positive M. pneumoniae PCR were prospectively collected by four hospital laboratories during the outbreak of M. pneumoniae infection in 2023\/2024 in The Netherlands. The two most common mutations in the 23S rRNA gene that are known to cause macrolide resistance, A2063G and A2064G, were detected by PCR with melting curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCR-positive specimens were identified in 268 patients. Of the 268 PCR-positive specimens, 238 were available for analysis of which 235 could be amplified for mutational analysis. Mutations were detected in 7 of 235 specimens (3%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low resistance rate of 3% still supports the use of macrolides for empirical treatment of M. pneumoniae infections in The Netherlands, but macrolide non-responsive infections should lead to the suspicion of resistant M. pneumoniae. Regular surveillance studies are important as clonal spread may cause rapid changes in resistance rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T13:14:06Z","timestamp":1765458846000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of macrolide resistance in\n                    <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    in The Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Patrick D J","family":"Sturm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Laurentius Hospital , Roermond ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julius M","family":"Van Niekerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Laurentius Hospital , Roermond ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter P A","family":"Lestrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, VieCuri Hospital , Venlo ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cas J A","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Laurentius Hospital , Roermond ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wil","family":"Van Der Zwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ , Maastricht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edou R","family":"Heddema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Zuyderland Medical Center , Sittard-Geleen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2220949","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.20949","article-title":"Global trends in the proportion of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107205","article-title":"Disease burden and macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in adults in the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"64","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.12.2770","article-title":"Transition mutations in the 23S rRNA of erythromycin-resistant isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"39","author":"Lucier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00400-12","article-title":"Macrolide resistance determination and molecular typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory specimens collected between 1997 and 2008 in The Netherlands","volume":"50","author":"Spuesens","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300724","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.4.2300724","article-title":"Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and hospital admissions in The Netherlands, November to December 2023","volume":"29","author":"Bolluyt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3007.240315","article-title":"Large-scale outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, Marseille, France, 2023-2024","volume":"30","author":"Edouard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300707","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.2.2300707","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic in Denmark, October to December, 2023","volume":"29","author":"Nordholm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00344-0","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae: delayed re-emergence after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions","volume":"5","author":"Meyer Sauteur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00582-08","article-title":"Detection of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae by real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis","volume":"52","author":"Wolff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12111623","article-title":"Characteristics of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic from 2019 to 2020 in Korea: macrolide resistance and co-infection trends","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6985","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88990-6","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae MLST detected in the upsurge of pneumonia during the 2023 to 2024 winter season in The Netherlands","volume":"15","author":"Smit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B12","first-page":"D8150","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak in The Netherlands 2023-2024","volume":"168","author":"Kolwijck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00114-16","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Waites","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B14","author":"NHG-richtlijn"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.09.035","article-title":"Clonal spread of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae sequence type-3 and type-17 with recombination on non-P1 adhesin among children in Taiwan","volume":"27","author":"Hung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026011902094379700_dkaf475-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3560","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01983-15","article-title":"Emergence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Hong Kong is linked to increasing macrolide resistance in multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type 4-5-7-2","volume":"53","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/81\/2\/dkaf475\/66444165\/dkaf475.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/81\/2\/dkaf475\/66444165\/dkaf475.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:09:50Z","timestamp":1768806590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaf475\/8429099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkaf475","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"article-number":"dkaf475"}}