{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:21:22Z","timestamp":1788225682067,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"UKHSA Placement Studentship"},{"name":"UKHSA","award":["109502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109502"]}]},{"name":"UKHSA","award":["113362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113362"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009270","name":"Invention for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programme","award":["NIHR200968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200968"]}]},{"name":"UKHSA-"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a serious threat to global health. Current N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is laborious and time consuming (\u22652\u2005days) leading to overprescription of last-resort, broad-spectrum antibiotics. In this proof-of-principle study, we developed a fast (&amp;lt;8\u2005h) phenotypic, impedance-based AST for N. gonorrhoeae against frontline and experimental antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WHO N. gonorrhoeae reference strains F, K, O, V, X and Y were exposed to EUCAST susceptibility breakpoint concentrations of ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin for up to 5\u2005h and to doubling dilutions of antibiotics for 4\u2005h. The % cell count of antibiotic exposed compared with unexposed control samples, as measured by an impedance-based Fast Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (iFAST\u00ae), was used to differentiate between susceptible and non-susceptible strains. Responses to novel antimicrobial compounds, including zoliflodacin and gepotidacin, were also measured by iFAST\u00ae and compared with published MICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protocol reported susceptibility profiles concordant with published data for all strain-drug combinations after 4\u2005h of exposure. Dose\u2013response curves generated using iFAST\u00ae for most strain-drug combinations were in essential agreement with published Etest MIC values. Novel compounds assessed using iFAST\u00ae showed higher antimicrobial activity than ciprofloxacin in the high-level resistant strain WHO X.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>iFAST\u00ae AST results were concordant with the current clinical standards and measured in under 8\u2005h. This method is therefore promising for the development of a rapid and accurate phenotypic N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:41:00Z","timestamp":1767876060000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of an impedance-based fast antimicrobial susceptibility test for\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Caitlin N","family":"Daniels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Countermeasures Development, Evaluation and Preparedness Division, UK Health Security Agency , Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany K","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Countermeasures Development, Evaluation and Preparedness Division, UK Health Security Agency , Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazi S","family":"Nahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Middlesex University , The Burroughs, Hendon, London NW4 4BT ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8566-8648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khondaker Miraz","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Mark","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Countermeasures Development, Evaluation and Preparedness Division, UK Health Security Agency , Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy J","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Countermeasures Development, Evaluation and Preparedness Division, UK Health Security Agency , Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020522063338600_dkaf493-B1","volume-title":"Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae 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