{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T18:06:53Z","timestamp":1771956413476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences, S.r.l","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of NRTI and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced people with HIV-1 (PWH) switched to bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (B\/F\/TAF) and among those with HIV-RNA \u226450\u2005copies\/mL to assess the association with risk of viral rebound (VR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the ARCA cohort were used to estimate resistance prevalence assuming a binomial distribution; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Standard survival analysis with time-fixed covariate measured at B\/F\/TAF initiation was used to evaluate the association between detected resistance and risk of confirmed VR &amp;gt;50\u2005copies\/mL (2 consecutive values).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 1414 PWH (973\u201469%\u2014in the VR analysis). Overall, 27% were female, median age was 53\u2005years (IQR 44\u201359). Major NRTI-DRMs were detected in 25% (95% CI: 22.5, 27.1). Major INSTI-DRMs affecting bictegravir were rare (0.6%, 95% CI: 0.2, 1.4). The overall rate of VR by 36\u2005months was 5.3% (95% CI: 3.7\u20136.9%), confirming that viral rebound on B\/F\/TAF is a rare event. After controlling for confounding, NRTI resistance was not associated with VR, whereas a history of INSTI virological failure (VF) and major INSTI-DRMs were associated with VR (aRH 2.68, 95% CI: 1.40, 5.12; and aRH 4.21, 95% CI: 1.18, 15.02, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort of PWH who were switched to B\/F\/TAF, NRTI-DRMs were common, but B\/F\/TAF remained effective in maintaining viral suppression despite their presence. However, previous failure to INSTI-based regimens and major INSTI-DRMs were risk factors for VR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T12:29:25Z","timestamp":1768912165000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Switching to bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide in people with HIV and prior resistance mutations. Data from the Italian ARCA cohort: the BIC-BARRIER study. B\/F\/TAF switch: mutations and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Pezzati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Ovest Milanese , Legnano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Lecco , Lecco ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Gennari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSD Virologia-Microbiologia Molecolare, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena , Modena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Modena-Reggio Emilia , Modena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Pontali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Consorziale Policlinico , Bari ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Vicenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartment of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena , Siena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Saracino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Consorziale Policlinico , Bari ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Rossetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USL Sud-Est Toscana, Ospedale Della Misericordia , Grosseto ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3456-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Bruzzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene Unit, IRCCS \u2013 Policlinico San Martino Hospital , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Shallvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EuResist Network GEIE, InformaPRO S.r.l. , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Forcina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences Italia , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Albini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences Italia , Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EuResist Network GEIE, InformaPRO S.r.l. , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cozzi-Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health - UCL , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0344-6281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartment of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena , Siena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0375-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Ovest Milanese , Legnano ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"DIBIC, University of Milan , Legnano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022412250421600_dkag035-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325958219867325","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958219867325","article-title":"Optimizing antiretroviral therapy in treatment-experienced patients living with HIV: a critical review of switch and simplification strategies. 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