{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:25:08Z","timestamp":1771601108062,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Clinical Specialist Construction Project","award":["Z155080000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z155080000004"]}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023ZD0506502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0506502"]}]},{"name":"Key Supporting Discipline of Shanghai Healthcare System","award":["2023ZDFC0102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDFC0102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) alters the pharmacokinetics or tissue penetration of vancomycin and linezolid, assessed the need for dose adjustments during ECMO support and evaluated the suitability of each drug for different infection sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each Landrace pig underwent two sequential experiments, one without ECMO and one with ECMO, separated by more than 4\u2005weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after intravenous infusion of vancomycin and linezolid and tissue samples were obtained immediately after the ECMO period. Drug concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model and tissue penetration rates were determined by comparing tissue concentrations with serum levels before euthanasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ECMO did not significantly influence the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin or linezolid. Vancomycin penetration was highest in the kidney (390%) and alveolar epithelial lining fluid (120%), with lower levels in the lung, liver, spleen and skin (10%\u201320%) and minimal penetration in the small intestine and muscle (&amp;lt;10%). Linezolid demonstrated stronger tissue penetration, reaching 236% in alveolar epithelial lining fluid and 20%\u201330% in the kidney and liver.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ECMO does not affect the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin or linezolid, suggesting that dose adjustments are unnecessary. Both drugs demonstrate wide tissue distribution during ECMO and are suitable treatment options in this setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:37:46Z","timestamp":1771072666000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on the pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration rates of vancomycin and linezolid: data from Landrace pigs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Huifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2966-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruilan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022009465349300_dkag063-B1","author":"Extracorporeal Life Support Organization"},{"key":"2026022009465349300_dkag063-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0772-5","article-title":"Propofol, midazolam, vancomycin and cyclosporine therapeutic drug monitoring in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits primed with whole human blood","volume":"19","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026022009465349300_dkag063-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R194","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11679","article-title":"Sequestration of drugs in the circuit may lead to therapeutic failure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"16","author":"Shekar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026022009465349300_dkag063-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0606-2","article-title":"Potential drug sequestration during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: results from an ex vivo experiment","volume":"33","author":"Mehta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026022009465349300_dkag063-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1151-y","article-title":"Can physicochemical properties of antimicrobials be used to predict their pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? 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