{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:36:50Z","timestamp":1788914210729,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to assess the clinical efficacy of \u03b2-lactam plus azithromycin compared with \u03b2-lactam monotherapy in the empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study in the Vigo Health Area (Spain), including adults discharged in 2023 with a primary diagnosis of CAP. Participants were classified according to the empirical therapy received and matched by severity. Exclusion criteria were immunocompromised status, alternative empirical regimens or initial admission to intensive care unit. Clinical efficacy was defined as the absence of oxygen requirement, fever and \u226550% reduction in C-reactive protein and\/or procalcitonin at 72\u201396\u2005h after treatment initiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 246 patients were included (121 receiving monotherapy and 125 receiving combination therapy). Although the SOFA score did not differ between groups, overall severity scores were higher in the monotherapy group. Clinical efficacy was similar between treatment groups (65% versus 62%, P\u200a=\u200a0.597). In the multivariable analysis of the overall cohort, SOFA \u22652 was the only variable independently associated with reduced clinical efficacy [odds ratio 0.5, 95% confidence interval (0.33\u20130.93), P\u200a=\u200a0.026], whereas treatment strategy was not significantly associated with clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The addition of azithromycin to \u03b2-lactam was not associated with improved clinical efficacy, either overall or in the subgroup with SOFA \u22652.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:51:25Z","timestamp":1776858685000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical outcomes of beta-bactam monotherapy versus beta-lactam plus azithromycin in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4574-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Zhygalova Zhygalova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iago","family":"Blanco L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Dopazo Sotillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ux\u00eda","family":"Carreira Sampayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Rubi\u00f1\u00e1n Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Galicia Sur Health Research Institute , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Galicia Sur Health Research Institute , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Julio","family":"Cabrera Alvargonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galicia Sur Health Research Institute , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"P\u00e9rez-Landeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galicia Sur Health Research Institute , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Galicia Sur Health Research Institute , Vigo, Pontevedra 36312 ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051501335492600_dkag158-B1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Neumon\u00eda adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes que requirieron hospitalizaci\u00f3n","volume":"81","author":"Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"2026051501335492600_dkag158-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2010.06.014","article-title":"Neumon\u00eda adquirida en la comunidad. 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