{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:51:14Z","timestamp":1791834674238,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian province","award":["2021Y9038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Y9038"]}]},{"name":"Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian province","award":["2024Y9255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Y9255"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of eravacycline in critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) pneumonia, characterize its pharmacokinetic profile, and optimize dosing regimens to ensure adequate drug exposure in this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The plasma concentration of eravacycline was determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PopPK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling, and the optimal dosing regimen was optimized via Monte Carlo simulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 104 plasma samples were collected from 18 patients for eravacycline concentration determination. The final PopPK model was a two-compartment model with body weight as a significant covariate on peripheral volume of distribution (V2). The population typical values for CL, central volume of distribution (V1) and V2 in the final model were 14.4 L\/h, 177.6 L and 383.2 L, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the PK\/PD target for eravacycline was achievable with a standard dose (1\u2005mg\/kg, Q12\u2005h) at an MIC of 0.125\u2005mg\/L in patients weighing 41\u201380\u2005kg. However, this fixed-dosing strategy was suboptimal at higher MICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study successfully developed the first PopPK model for eravacycline in critically ill patients with CRAB pneumonia. The findings highlight substantial pharmacokinetic variability and demonstrate that weight-based dosing is crucial to ensure effective exposure, underscoring the necessity of PK\/PD-guided personalized therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:38:03Z","timestamp":1778153883000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Population pharmacokinetic analysis and dosing regimen optimization of eravacycline in critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Luqi","family":"Lou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1640-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wancai","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqiang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou 350001 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02260-23","article-title":"A global view on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"14","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06690-6","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals","volume":"48","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00539","article-title":"Emerging strategies to combat ESKAPE pathogens in the era of antimicrobial resistance: a review","volume":"10","author":"Mulani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections","volume":"7","author":"Tamma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B5","author":"CHINET"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-16","article-title":"Clinical and pathophysiological overview of Acinetobacter infections: a century of challenges","volume":"30","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040237","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: we must pursue a collaborative, global approach and use a \u2018One Health\u2019 approach","volume":"8","author":"Lonsdale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5548","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01288-13","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of eravacycline (TP-434), a novel fluorocycline, against hospital and community pathogens","volume":"57","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0545-8","article-title":"Review of eravacycline, a novel fluorocycline antibacterial agent","volume":"76","author":"Zhanel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2014.965253","article-title":"Eravacycline for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections","volume":"23","author":"Bassetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06187-11","article-title":"Target- and resistance-based mechanistic studies with TP-434, a novel fluorocycline antibiotic","volume":"56","author":"Grossman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B12","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1086\/510079","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy: it\u2019s not just for mice anymore","volume":"44","author":"Ambrose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.01.001","article-title":"Assessment of in vivo efficacy of eravacycline against Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting various resistance mechanisms: a dose-ranging study and pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic analysis","volume":"51","author":"Thabit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00250-17","article-title":"In vivo pharmacodynamic target assessment of eravacycline against Escherichia coli in a murine thigh infection model","volume":"61","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01065-24","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and pulmonary modeling of eravacycline and the determination of microbiological breakpoint and cutoff of PK\/PD","volume":"69","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12842","article-title":"Antibiotic use in critical illness","volume":"29","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181961bff","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic issues for antibiotics in the critically ill patient","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00275-18","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and comprehensive analysis of the tissue distribution of eravacycline in rabbits","volume":"62","author":"Petraitis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02036-13","article-title":"Phase I, open-label, safety and pharmacokinetic study to assess bronchopulmonary disposition of intravenous eravacycline in healthy men and women","volume":"58","author":"Connors","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.01.006","article-title":"Acute toxicity is a dose-limiting factor for intravenous polymyxin B: a safety and pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese subjects","volume":"82","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-018-0705-y","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ceftazidime-avibactam combination: a model-informed strategy for its clinical development","volume":"58","author":"Sy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1029","article-title":"IGNITE4: results of a phase 3, randomized, multicenter, prospective trial of eravacycline vs meropenem in the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections","volume":"69","author":"Solomkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B24","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5072","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00240-16","article-title":"Eravacycline pharmacokinetics and challenges in defining humanized exposure in vivo","volume":"60","author":"Thabit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01174-18","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of the safety and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses of eravacycline","volume":"62","author":"Newman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11040479","article-title":"Tigecycline dosing strategies in critically ill liver-impaired patients","volume":"11","author":"Amann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00345-17","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of tigecycline in critically ill patients with severe infections","volume":"61","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2025.107603","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of eravacycline in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections and community acquired bacterial pneumonia: support for a fixed-dose treatment regimen","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1342947","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and individualized dosing of tigecycline for critically ill patients: a prospective study with intensive sampling","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14692","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analysis of tigecycline in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia","volume":"87","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01809-20","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling of minocycline for injection following a single infusion in critically ill adults in a phase IV open-label multicenter study (ACUMIN)","volume":"65","author":"Lodise","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-023-01213-x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic alterations associated with critical illness","volume":"62","author":"Morales Castro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01615-10","article-title":"Pharmacological and patient-specific response determinants in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia treated with tigecycline","volume":"56","author":"Bhavnani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2021.08.012","article-title":"In vitro activity of cefiderocol, cefepime\/enmetazobactam, cefepime\/zidebactam, eravacycline, omadacycline, and other comparative agents against carbapenem-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates associated from bloodstream infection in Taiwan between 2018-2020","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4093-1","article-title":"In vitro activities of eravacycline against 336 isolates collected from 2012 to 2016 from 11 teaching hospitals in China","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S396910","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of eravacycline against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative isolates in China: an in vitro study","volume":"16","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026052101364797500_dkag178-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2024.2351552","article-title":"Eravacycline: a comprehensive review of in vitro activity, clinical efficacy, and real-world applications","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/81\/6\/dkag178\/68349922\/dkag178.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/81\/6\/dkag178\/68349922\/dkag178.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:36:51Z","timestamp":1779341811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/dkag178\/8688668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkag178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-7453","1460-2091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"article-number":"dkag178"}}