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Samples were tested for resistant Escherichia coli using amoxicillin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin. WGS used Illumina technology. Clonal relationships were determined following core-genome alignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant reduction in positivity for spectinomycin-resistant E. coli in sheep samples from ADGC1 to ADGC2 was observed, coincident with market withdrawal of a spectinomycin-containing preparation widely used in sheep. Reductions were seen in 19\/22 sheep flocks with nine seeing a\u200a&amp;gt;50% reduction. Resistance to other tested antibiotics was unchanged. Phenotypic analysis and WGS for 713 E. coli showed that resistance to antibacterials important for human medicine was rare and genetically diverse. We identified 77 E. coli clones (&amp;lt;100 SNP cutoff) circulating among study farms with mixed farms contributing most; clones were also shared between animal species on mixed farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For extensively reared ruminants, ABR-reducing efforts can have significant impacts on ABR on farms. Focusing these efforts onto farms contributing to the most animal movement and mixing events may generate the greatest reductions in overall on-farm ABR prevalence at regional and national levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:38:33Z","timestamp":1783424313000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic analyses of antibiotic-resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    from extensive beef cattle and sheep farms identifies inter-species and farm\u2013farm sharing as clonal dissemination pathways"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Noora","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol , Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD 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