{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:22:56Z","timestamp":1784762576830,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID\u2019s","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201700020I\/75N93022F00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201700020I\/75N93022F00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicentre surveillance studies show increasing resistance among ocular MDR bacteria causing sight-threatening infections, especially MRSA. MRSA is associated with poor visual outcomes despite treatment with topical fortified vancomycin (25\u201350\u2005mg\/mL), the current standard of care. We previously demonstrated that telavancin exhibits approximately 16-fold greater in vitro potency than vancomycin against ocular MRSA isolates, with lower cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the in vivo ocular tolerability of topical telavancin and vancomycin at 25 and 50\u2005mg\/mL in a murine maximum-tolerated-dose model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunocompetent female BALB\/c mice (n\u200a=\u200a24; six groups, four\/group) received 20 instillations, 15\u2005min apart over 5\u2005h, of telavancin or vancomycin (25 or 50\u2005mg\/mL) or matching vehicles [250 or 500\u2005mg\/mL hydroxy-propyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin (HP\u03b2CD) for telavancin; 0.9% NaCl for vancomycin]. Ocular irritation was graded 30\u2005min after the final dose and cage-side observations were recorded 1, 3 and 5\u2005h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vancomycin showed dose-dependent toxicity. At 25\u2005mg\/mL, all mice (4\/4) exhibited hyperaemia, chemosis and eyelid closure; at 50\u2005mg\/mL, all had eyelid closure, chemosis, hyperaemia and corneal dryness, and 2\/4 had white discharge. Telavancin 25\u2005mg\/mL was well tolerated: only 1\/4 displayed mild chemosis and squinting, with no eyelid closure. Telavancin 50\u2005mg\/mL caused eyelid closure, chemosis and hyperaemia in 4\/4 mice. The 250\u2005mg\/mL vehicle caused no clinically relevant ocular changes, although 1\/4 mice showed squinting; 500\u2005mg\/mL vehicle induced mild chemosis and hyperaemia in 4\/4 mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The telavancin 25\u2005mg\/mL formulation was better tolerated than the fortified vancomycin formulation tested in this model. These findings support further preclinical evaluation for MDR Gram-positive ocular infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:58:58Z","timestamp":1783684738000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i>\n                    tolerability of topical telavancin versus vancomycin in a murine ocular model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5329-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Fenniri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospices Civils de Lyon , Lyon ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo J M","family":"Bispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Andre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072205595036300_dkag250-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens7010009","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus eye infections","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2026072205595036300_dkag250-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.016","article-title":"Microbiology of eye infections at the Massachusetts eye and ear: an 8-year retrospective review combined with genomic epidemiology","volume":"255","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026072205595036300_dkag250-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0155","article-title":"Trends in antibiotic resistance among ocular microorganisms in the United States from 2009 to 2018","volume":"138","author":"Asbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2026072205595036300_dkag250-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-021-00449-9","article-title":"A systematic review of multi-decade antibiotic resistance data for ocular bacterial pathogens in the United States","volume":"11","author":"Bispo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"2026072205595036300_dkag250-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S5778","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic resistance in the management of ocular infections: the role of current and future antibiotics","volume":"3","author":"Bertino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ"},{"key":"2026072205595036300_dkag250-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-25335-6_23","volume-title":"Foundations of Corneal Disease: Past, Present and Future","author":"Bispo","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026072205595036300_dkag250-B7","author":"Rhee MK, Ahmad S, Amescua G et al. 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