{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:25:46Z","timestamp":1787239546211,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP2) program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2017MC-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2017MC-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lamivudine and abacavir are key components of first-line paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART). Rifampicin is part of drug-sensitive TB treatment in children. Rifampicin induces UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and renal transporters and inhibits gastrointestinal transporters involved in the pharmacokinetics of abacavir and lamivudine, but pharmacokinetic data on this potential interaction in infants are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of abacavir and lamivudine in infants aged 28\u2013365\u2005days and weighing &amp;gt;3\u2005kg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pharmacokinetic sub-study was nested within the EMPIRICAL trial (NCT03915366). Eighteen infants from Mozambique, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe received once-daily fixed-dose abacavir\/lamivudine with dolutegravir according to WHO guidelines. Five infants received ART alone and 13 received ART plus rifampicin-based tuberculosis treatment. Abacavir\/lamivudine dosing was unchanged during rifampicin co-treatment. Six plasma concentrations were measured over 24\u2005h and analysed using non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median (IQR) age and weight were 6.8 (5.2\u201310.2) months and 6.0 (5.3\u20136.8) kg, respectively, and were comparable between groups. Abacavir exposure was comparable with and without rifampicin (AUC0\u201324h: 21.9 versus 21.0\u2005h mg\/L; Cmax: 6.2 versus 6.3\u2005mg\/L, respectively). Lamivudine exposure was also comparable (AUC0\u201324h: 12.6 versus 12.4\u2005h mg\/LL, respectively). The slightly higher Cmax (2.4 versus 1.9\u2005mg\/L) in the rifampicin group is probably due to interindividual variability or increased absorption from rifampicin's inhibition of gastrointestinal drug transporters, and considered not clinically relevant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rifampicin co-treatment had minimal impact on abacavir and lamivudine pharmacokinetics in infants. Dose adjustment of abacavir\/lamivudine is not required during rifampicin-containing tuberculosis treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:38:54Z","timestamp":1785843534000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of abacavir and lamivudine in infants living with HIV with and without rifampicin co-treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Laize S\u00edlvia dos Anjos Botas","family":"Beca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, L\u00fario University , Nampula ,","place":["Mozambique"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Mumbiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe , Harare 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