{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:30:59Z","timestamp":1789047059572,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017637","name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N070\/0011\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N070\/0011\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common types of healthcare-associated infections. Among uropathogens, Enterococcus faecalis is particularly notable for its strong capacity to form biofilms on urinary catheters, thereby decreasing its susceptibility to antibiotics commonly used to treat CAUTIs. However, current antibiotic dosing strategies still rely on planktonic phenotypes, limiting their applicability to biofilm-associated infections. To address this limitation, a dynamic in vitro pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic model was developed to assess E. faecalis biofilms\u2019 response to different treatment regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biofilms of model E. faecalis strains (ATCC 29212 and 54) were preformed on urinary catheters. Mature biofilms were subjected to simulated urinary dosing regimens of amoxicillin (500\u2005mg q12h for 3\u2005days) or ciprofloxacin (500\u2005mg q24h for 3\u2005days), as well as to constant antibiotic concentrations for 3\u2005days. Viable bacterial counts and biofilm biomass were then measured at predefined timepoints, and the effects of the simulated dosing regimens were compared to those observed under constant antibiotic exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that daily ciprofloxacin demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity, significantly surpassing the effects of constant ciprofloxacin exposure, twice-daily dosing of amoxicillin, and constant amoxicillin exposure. Although the simulated amoxicillin regimen was more effective than constant amoxicillin exposure, both achieved only moderate reductions. Notably, constant amoxicillin exposure induced biofilm formation. Ciprofloxacin exhibited markedly greater antibiofilm activity than amoxicillin against both E. faecalis strains. Among the evaluated regimens, CIP 500\u2005mg q24h produced the most pronounced reduction in biofilm bacterial burden, achieving decreases exceeding 3 log10 cfu\/cm2 in both strains after 72\u2005h of exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings show that antibiotic efficacy against E. faecalis biofilms depends on the antibiotic and its dosing regimen, with fluctuating ciprofloxacin exposure producing the strongest bactericidal effect and biofilm reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:14:59Z","timestamp":1788520499000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n                    biofilm response to amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin using a dynamic\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic model of catheter-associated urinary tract infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3722-6743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiye Tesfaye","family":"Tegegne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , ul. Norwida 31, Wroc\u0142aw 50-375 ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Animal Biotechnology Research Program, National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research , PO Box 249, Holeta ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Jajor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , ul. Norwida 31, Wroc\u0142aw 50-375 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Bania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , ul. Norwida 31, Wroc\u0142aw 50-375 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2615-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Migda\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , ul. Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego 38E, Wroc\u0142aw 51-630 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3443-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology , ul. \u0141ukasiewicza 5, Wroc\u0142aw 50-371 ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5813-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"Po\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , ul. 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