{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:11:43Z","timestamp":1789035103009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l\u2019Innovation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015722","name":"University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Recherche et de la Technologie"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Inserm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut national de la sante\u00b4 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMR1071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMR1071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022077","name":"INRAE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institut national de recherche en agriculture, alimentation et environnement","award":["USC1382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USC1382"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microsporidia are obligate intracellular eukaryotic pathogens infecting a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Therapeutic options for microsporidiosis remain limited in both human and veterinary medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal was to screen the 400 compounds of the open-access Pandemic Response Box, provided by the Medicines for Malaria Venture foundation, for their anti-microsporidia activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The compounds were screened at 1\u2005\u00b5M against Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. intestinalis and E. hellem using an ELISA-based assay. Selected compounds were further evaluated by determining their in vitro cytotoxicity and their IC50 values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preliminary screening revealed promising efficacy of eight compounds against the three species. Trimetrexate was the most active compound, with IC50 values\u200a&amp;lt;\u200a1\u2005\u00b5M and selectivity index\u200a&amp;gt;\u200a100 for all three species. Triapine exhibited intermediate activity, with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 2\u2005\u00b5M. Nitazoxanide failed to achieve 50% growth inhibition at the highest concentration tested (2\u2005\u00b5M) against any of the three species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trimetrexate emerged as the most promising candidate for further anti-microsporidia exploration, whereas nitazoxanide showed no detectable activity under the conditions tested, questioning its role in the treatment of human microsporidiosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkag319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:14:51Z","timestamp":1788520491000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systematic screening identified broad-spectrum inhibitors of human-pathogenic\n                    <i>Encephalitozoon<\/i>\n                    species and revealed no\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    activity of nitazoxanide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Poirier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre de Biologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"\u2018Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019H\u00f4te\u2019 M2iSH, UMR INSERM 1071, INRAE 1382, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Cryptosporidioses, Microsporidies et Autres Protozooses Digestives , Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1471-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Moniot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre de Biologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand , Clermont-Ferrand 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,","place":["France"]},{"name":"\u2018Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019H\u00f4te\u2019 M2iSH, UMR INSERM 1071, INRAE 1382, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Cryptosporidioses, Microsporidies et Autres Protozooses Digestives , Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Combes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2018Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019H\u00f4te\u2019 M2iSH, UMR INSERM 1071, INRAE 1382, Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Cryptosporidioses, Microsporidies et Autres Protozooses Digestives , Clermont-Ferrand, 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