{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:18:28Z","timestamp":1790054308540,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T01:39:30Z","timestamp":1392687570000},"page":"1441-1446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["\u03b2-Lactam\/macrolide dual therapy versus \u03b2-lactam monotherapy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyu","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C1","first-page":"602","article-title":"Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults","volume":"31","author":"File","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C2","first-page":"651","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of community acquired pneumonia","volume":"29","author":"Chinese Society of Respiratory Disease","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121434","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009","volume":"64","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America\/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"44","author":"Mandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.21.2562","article-title":"Associations between initial antimicrobial therapy and medical outcomes for hospitalized elderly patients with pneumonia","volume":"159","author":"Gleason","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19174","article-title":"Antimicrobial selection for hospitalized patients with presumed community-acquired pneumonia: a survey of nonteaching US community hospitals","volume":"34","author":"Dudas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.5.1420","article-title":"Empiric antibiotic therapy and mortality among Medicare pneumonia inpatients in 10 western states: 1993, 1995, and 1997","volume":"119","author":"Houck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.15.1837","article-title":"Monotherapy may be suboptimal for severe bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"161","author":"Waterer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1086\/367541","article-title":"Addition of a macrolide to a \u03b2-lactam-based empirical antibiotic regimen is associated with lower in-hospital mortality for patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"36","author":"Martinez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1295-9","article-title":"Lower mortality among patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated with a macrolide plus a \u03b2-lactam agent versus a \u03b2-lactam agent alone","volume":"24","author":"Garcia Vazquez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00126004","article-title":"Impact of initial antibiotic choice on mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"27","author":"Aspa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0183-2","article-title":"Addition of a macrolide to a \u03b2-lactam in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"25","author":"Dwyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1426","article-title":"Antibiotics for bacteremic pneumonia: improved outcomes with macrolides but not fluoroquinolones","volume":"131","author":"Metersky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00031007","article-title":"The need for macrolides in hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia: propensity analysis","volume":"30","author":"Paul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000266755.75844.05","article-title":"Combination antibiotic therapy improves survival in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and shock","volume":"35","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00092607","article-title":"Can CAP guideline adherence improve patient outcome in internal medicine departments?","volume":"32","author":"Blasi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1086\/591404","article-title":"Initial antibiotic selection and patient outcomes: observations from the National Pneumonia Project","volume":"47","author":"Bratzler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp088","article-title":"Impact of intravenous \u03b2-lactam\/macrolide versus \u03b2-lactam monotherapy on mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"63","author":"Tessmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-203106","article-title":"Contribution of host, bacterial factors and antibiotic treatment to mortality in adult patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"68","author":"Naucler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202296","article-title":"Single versus combination antibiotic therapy in adults hospitalised with community acquired pneumonia","volume":"68","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis414","article-title":"Macrolide-based regimens and mortality in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Asadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C22","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"Wells"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.638","article-title":"The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results","volume":"86","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2307\/1164923","article-title":"A fail-safe N for effect size in meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Orwin","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Educ Stat"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530270034028","article-title":"Bacteremia with Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"275","author":"Plouffe","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402","article-title":"A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"336","author":"Fine","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh519","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides\u2014an underappreciated benefit in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and chronic inflammatory pulmonary conditions?","volume":"55","author":"Amsden","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1086\/529439","article-title":"Effect of clarithromycin in patients with sepsis and ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"46","author":"Giamarellos-Bourboulis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-350OC","article-title":"A worldwide perspective of atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"175","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02554.x","article-title":"Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs in community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"272","author":"Meijvis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12497","article-title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in infectious diseases: topics that merit special attention","volume":"20","author":"Leibovici","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170511115613_DKU033C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg409","article-title":"Considering resistance in systematic reviews of antibiotic treatment","volume":"52","author":"Leibovici","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-pdf\/69\/6\/1441\/16863718\/dku033.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T18:22:35Z","timestamp":1565202155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/dku033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,16]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dku033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2091","0305-7453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2091","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0305-7453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,16]]}}}