{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T04:17:06Z","timestamp":1783397826472,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polymyxin B is an active agent against many MDR Gram-negative bacteria, but nephrotoxicity is a major hindrance to its widespread use. To guide its optimal use, we determined the risk factors for nephrotoxicity onset associated with polymyxin B.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study, we evaluated adult patients with normal renal function who received \u226572 h of polymyxin B therapy. Pertinent information was retrieved from medical records; patients were followed for up to 30 days after therapy was started. The primary endpoint of this study was the onset of nephrotoxicity. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 192 patients (52.1% male, 67.7% Caucasian) were evaluated. The mean\u200a\u00b1\u200aSD age, actual body weight (ABW) and daily dose by ABW were 68.3\u200a\u00b1\u200a17.2 years, 71.5\u200a\u00b1\u200a20.4 kg and 1.5\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.5 mg\/kg, respectively. The median duration of therapy was 9.5 days. The overall prevalence rate of nephrotoxicity was 45.8% and the median onset of nephrotoxicity was 9 days. Independent risk factors for the onset of nephrotoxicity included daily dose by ABW (HR\u200a=\u200a1.73; P\u200a=\u200a0.022), concurrent use of vancomycin (HR\u200a=\u200a1.89; P\u200a=\u200a0.005) and contrast media (HR\u200a=\u200a1.79; P\u200a=\u200a0.009). Nephrotoxicity was seen earlier in the high-risk group (P\u200a=\u200a0.003).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Risk factors for nephrotoxicity onset associated with polymyxin B were identified. In conjunction with susceptibility and other pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic data, our results can be used to optimize treatment for MDR Gram-negative infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]],"date-time":"2015-02-05T01:59:33Z","timestamp":1423101573000},"page":"1903-1907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Risk factors for nephrotoxicity onset associated with polymyxin B therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Yanina","family":"Dubrovskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Department of Pharmacy, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 \u00a0The Dr. James J. Rahal, Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Hospital Queens, Flushing, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuman","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 \u00a0Department of Pharmacy, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Esaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00a0Department of Pharmacy, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 \u00a0Department of Pharmacy, New York Hospital Queens, Flushing, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent H.","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 \u00a0Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, 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